Combining time-variable controlled release urea formulations to improve spring maize yield and reduce nitrogen losses in northeastern China

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Hou, Yunpeng

作者： Hou, Yunpeng;Kong, Lili;Zhang, Lei;Wang, Lichun;Xu, Xinpeng;Zhang, Yitao

作者机构：

关键词： Controlled -release urea; Nitrogen loss; Nitrogen use efficiency; Soil inorganic nitrogen; Northeast China

期刊名称：EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY （ 影响因子：4.5； 五年影响因子：5.0 ）

ISSN： 1161-0301

年卷期： 2024 年 159 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： The application of controlled-release urea (CRU) has become an important practice to increase maize yield and nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) with one-time fertilization management. The appropriate ratios and application effects of combinations of regular urea and CRU with different N-release periods (U-CRU) may vary because of regional climate and crop specificity. A three-year (2019-2021) field experiment was conducted in the northeastern region of China to investigate the effects of U-CRU on maize yield, NUE, changes in soil inorganic N content, and apparent N loss. With N fertilizer applied at 210 kg ha-1, two types of CRU with release periods of 60 days (CRUa) and 90 days (CRUb) were mixed with regular urea in four different combinations: CRU1 (Urea 40 % + CRUa 60 %), CRU2 (Urea 40 % + CRUa 40 % + CRUb 20 %), CRU3 (Urea 40 % + CRUa 20 % + CRUb 40 %), CRU4 (Urea 40 % + CRUb 60 %). The controls were Urea (U) only and no N fertilizer application (N0). Compared with U, all U-CRU treatments significantly increased soil inorganic N contents (NO3--N, 1.4-7.0 mg kg-1; NH4+-N, 0.3-1.3 mg kg-1) in the 0-20 cm soil layer from twelfth-leaf (V12) to physiological maturity (PM) stages of maize. Furthermore, U-CRU treatments increased N uptake from silking (R1) to PM stages and therefore contributed to grain N accumulation which increased 17.1-30.9 % and improved N recovery efficiency (REN), which increased by 8.1-13.1 %. Associated with increases in quantity of ears and 100-grain weight, maize yield increased by 12.2-18.9 % in CRU3, with the increases the highest among treatments. Additionally, compared with U, all U-CRU treatments significantly reduced the inorganic N content in the deep soil layer (40-100 cm) and the lowest apparent N loss was in CRU3, decreasing by 93.4 kg ha-1 compared with that in U. Regression relations between the mixture ratios of CRUs and maize yield, apparent soil N loss, and REN were used to determine that the appropriate ratio of U:CRUa:CRUb to attain high maize yield and NUE was 40 %:18.6-24.6 %:35.4-41.4 %. Therefore, determining the optimum mixture ratios of CRUs can increase maize yield and NUE while reducing the risk of N loss in continuous maize cropping systems. The results provide a scientific basis for N fertilizer management in spring maize production in northeastern China.

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