Controlled-Release Urea Coordinates Maize Physiology with Soil Nitrogen Retention: Balancing High Yield and Environmental Sustainability

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Yan, Wei

作者： Yan, Wei;Huang, Meng;Wang, Zhonghua;Xie, Yinshan;Sun, Jinbian;Liu, Bo;Liu, Kaichang;Yan, Wei;Wang, Zhonghua;Li, Qiong;Gao, Chengcheng;Xue, Yanfang;Yang, Huiqing;Sun, Shujuan

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关键词： controlled-release urea; physiology; soil nitrogen retention; environmental sustainability

期刊名称：AGRICULTURE-BASEL （ 影响因子：3.6； 五年影响因子：3.8 ）

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年卷期： 2025 年 15 卷 16 期

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： Controlled-release urea (CRU) can improve nitrogen (N) use efficiency and yield, but comprehensive evaluations of its agronomic, physiological, and environmental impacts remain limited. Through a two-year field experiment comparing three CRU types with conventional urea at five N rates (0-280 kg N ha-1), we demonstrate that CRU at 180 kg N ha-1 maintained high maize yields (13.9 Mg ha-1) while improving N use efficiency, with thermosetting polymer-coated samples (TCU) showing superior performance. There was a significant increase in the net photosynthetic rate by 7.9-32.7% and intercellular CO2 concentration by 20.6-40.0% under CRU treatments during the silking and milking stages. The CRU treatments also sustained optimal levels of hormones, N metabolism enzymes, and sucrase and urease activities. Compared to common urea, life cycle assessment indicates that CRU has achieved a 47.5% reduction in reactive N losses and an 18.7% decrease in greenhouse gas emissions. Economically, CRU outperformed common urea, with TCU providing the highest net benefit through yield stability and labor savings. These findings establish TCU at 180 kg N ha-1 as an optimal strategy of maize production in the North China Plain, balancing productivity, profitability, and environmental protection.

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