The Evolution and Role of Molecular Tools in Measuring Diversity and Genomic Selection in Livestock Populations (Traditional and Up-to-Date Insights): A Comprehensive Exploration

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Husien, Hosameldeen Mohamed

作者： Husien, Hosameldeen Mohamed;Wang, Mengzhi;Husien, Hosameldeen Mohamed;Essa, Mohamed Osman Abdalrahem;Saleh, Ahmed A.;Hassanine, Nada N. A. M.;Adam, Saber Y.;Saleh, Ahmed A.;Hassanine, Nada N. A. M.;Rashad, Amr M. A.;Sharaby, Mahmoud A.;Mohamed, Asmaa Z.;Abdelhalim, Heba;Hafez, Elsayed E.;Essa, Mohamed Osman Abdalrahem;Chen, Ning;Wang, Mengzhi

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关键词： molecular tools; QTLs; NGS; signatures of selection; GWAS; SNP chip; genomic selection

期刊名称：VETERINARY SCIENCES （ 影响因子：2.3； 五年影响因子：2.4 ）

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年卷期： 2024 年 11 卷 12 期

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： Distinctive molecular approaches and tools, particularly high-throughput SNP genotyping, have been applied to determine and discover SNPs, potential genes of interest, indicators of evolutionary selection, genetic abnormalities, molecular indicators, and loci associated with quantitative traits (QTLs) in various livestock species. These methods have also been used to obtain whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data, enabling the implementation of genomic selection. Genomic selection allows for selection decisions based on genomic-estimated breeding values (GEBV). The estimation of GEBV relies on the calculation of SNP effects using prediction equations derived from a subset of individuals in the reference population who possess both SNP genotypes and phenotypes for target traits. Compared to traditional methods, modern genomic selection methods offer advantages for sex-limited traits, low heritability traits, late-measured traits, and the potential to increase genetic gain by reducing generation intervals. The current availability of high-density genotyping and next-generation sequencing data allow for genome-wide scans for selection. This investigation provides an overview of the essential role of advanced molecular tools in studying genetic diversity and implementing genomic selection. It also highlights the significance of adaptive selection in light of new high-throughput genomic technologies and the establishment of selective comparisons between different genomes. Moreover, this investigation presents candidate genes and QTLs associated with various traits in different livestock species, such as body conformation, meat production and quality, carcass characteristics and composition, milk yield and composition, fertility, fiber production and characteristics, and disease resistance.

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