文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Zhu Cong-hua

作者： Zhu Cong-hua;Ouyang Yu-yuan;Diao You;Zheng Jia-guo;Li Xu-yi;Diao You;Yu Jun-qi;Luo Xi;Zheng Jia-guo

作者机构：

关键词： rice; N-fertilization rate; controlled release urea; side deep fertilization; yield; nitrogen use efficiency

期刊名称：JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AGRICULTURE （ 影响因子：2.848； 五年影响因子：2.979 ）

ISSN： 2095-3119

年卷期： 2021 年 20 卷 2 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： This paper investigates the yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of machine-transplanted rice cultivated using mechanized deep placement of N fertilizer in the rice-wheat rotation region of Chuanxi Plain, China. It provides theoretical support for N-saving and improves quality and production efficiency of machine-transplanted rice. Using a single-factor complete randomized block design in field experiments in 2018 and 2019, seven N-fertilization treatments were applied, with the fertilizer being surface broadcast and/or mechanically placed beside the seedlings at (5.5 +/- 0.5) cm soil depth when transplanting. The treatments were: N0, no N fertilizer; U1, 180 kg N ha(-1) as urea, surface broadcast manually before transplanting; U2, 108 kg N ha(-1) as urea, surface broadcast manually before transplanting, and 72 kg N ha(-1) as urea surface broadcast manually on the 10th d after transplanting, which is not only the local common fertilization method, but also the reference treatment; UD, 180 kg N ha(-1) as urea, mechanically deep-placed when transplanting; M1, 81.6 kg N ha(-1) as urea and 38.4 kg N ha(-1) as controlled-release urea (CRU), mechanically deep-placed when transplanting; M2, 102 kg N ha(-1) as urea and 48 kg N ha(-1) as CRU, mechanically deep-placed when transplanting; M3, 122.4 kg N ha(-1) as urea and 57.6 kg N ha(-1) as CRU, mechanically deep-placed when transplanting. The effects of the N fertilizer treatments on rice yield and NUE were consistent in the 2 yr. With a N application rate of 180 kg ha(-1), compared with U2, the N recovery efficiency (NRE), N agronomic use efficiency (NAE) and yield under the UD treatment were 20.6, 3.5 and 1.1% higher in 2018, and 4.6, 1.7 and 1.2% higher in 2019, respectively. Compared with urea alone (U1, U2 or UD), the NRE, NAE and yield achieved by M3 (combined application of urea and controlled-release urea) were higher by 9.2-73.3%, 18.6-61.5% and 6.5-16.5% (2018), and 22.2-65.2%, 25.6-75.0% and 5.9-13.9% (2019), respectively. Compared with M3, the lower-N treatments M1 and M2 significantly increased NRE by 4.0-7.8% in 2018 and 3.1-4.3% in 2019, respectively. Compared with urea surface application (U1 or U2), the yield under the M2 treatment was higher by 4.3-12.9% in 2018 and 3.6-10.1% in 2019, respectively. Compared with U2, the NRE and NAE under the M2 treatment was higher by 36.9 and 36.3% in 2018, and 33.2 and 37.4% in 2019, mainly because of higher N uptake. There was no significant difference in the concentration of nitrate in the top 0-20 cm soil under U1, U2 and M2 treatments during the full heading and maturity stages. During the full heading stage, U2 produced the highest concentration of nitrite in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil among the N fertilizer treatments. In conclusion, mechanized deep placement of mixed urea and controlled-release urea (M2) at transplanting is a highly-efficient cultivation technology that enables increased yield of machine-transplanted rice and improved NUE, while reducing the amount of N-fertilization applied.

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