Integrated farming optimization ensures high-yield crop production with decreased nitrogen leaching and improved soil fertility: The findings from a 12-year experimental study

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Yang, Xuan

作者： Yang, Xuan;Yuan, Ning;Xu, Xiuchun;Wu, Wenliang;Meng, Fanqiao;Bol, Roland;Bol, Roland;Xia, Longlong;Xu, Cong

作者机构：

关键词： Sustainable intensification; Grain production; Nonpoint source pollution; Nitrogen leaching; Nitrogen use efficiency

期刊名称：FIELD CROPS RESEARCH （ 影响因子：6.4； 五年影响因子：6.6 ）

ISSN： 0378-4290

年卷期： 2024 年 318 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Context or problem Sustainable farming practices, including precision fertilization, water-saving irrigation and recycling of organic materials, have been implemented worldwide in recent decades to achieve high crop yields and minimize nonpoint source pollution. However, the comprehensive impacts of these agricultural practices have seldom been systematically evaluated in field production. As agricultural intensification started in the 1980s, most previous studies focused on a single practice in the context of low land productivity. Objective or research question The objective of this research is to investigate and evaluate how holistic farming practices affect both crop production and environmental quality. Methods We reported findings from a 12-year experiment (2008-2020) in the highly intensive North China Plain (NCP) farming region, and conventional and optimized farming measures were compared. Three field treatments with annual double cropping (winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize (Zea mays L.)) were chosen in the study, i.e., control without nitrogen (N) application (CK), farmers' conventional practices (CON), and optimized practices (OPT), were chosen for this study. Results Compared with the CON treatment, OPT reduced N fertilizer input by 41.4 % and irrigation water by 27.1 % but produced similar grain yields; OPT increased the N recovery efficiency (REN) and N utilization efficiency (NUT2E) by 90.4 % and 53.0 %, respectively; these values were much greater than the increases in REN (+56.1 %) and NUT2E (+25.5 %) when soil N change was not considered. Similarly, compared with those in the CON treatment, the soil N stock (0-60 cm) in the OPT treatment increased by 8.4 %, and the N loss via leaching, ammonia volatilization and N2O + NO + N-2 decreased by 47.1 %, 11.4 % and 28.6 %, respectively. Conclusions Our study revealed that the integration of optimized practices of organic material recycling, precision fertilization and water-saving irrigation substantially reduced N losses, mainly through decreased N leaching, but maintained fertilizer N in the root-zone soil layer, which is important for a sustainable and high-yield crop production. Implications or significances The dissemination of these optimized practices to other regions in China and beyond will be highly important for achieving the dual goals of food security and environmental protection.

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