Whole-Genome Resequencing Analysis of the Camelus bactrianus (Bactrian Camel) Genome Identifies Mutations and Genes Affecting Milk Production Traits

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Yao, Huaibing

作者： Yao, Huaibing;Zhao, Zhongkai;Yang, Jie;Yao, Huaibing;Zhao, Zhongkai;Yang, Jie;Pan, Zhangyuan;Ma, Wanpeng;Su, Zhanqiang

作者机构：

关键词： Bactrian camel; milk production traits; genomic analysis; SNP; association analysis

期刊名称：INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES （ 影响因子：4.9； 五年影响因子：5.6 ）

ISSN： 1661-6596

年卷期： 2024 年 25 卷 14 期

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： Milk production is an important trait that influences the economic value of camels. However, the genetic regulatory mechanisms underlying milk production in camels have not yet been elucidated. We aimed to identify candidate molecular markers that affect camel milk production. We classified Junggar Bactrian camels (9-10-year-old) as low-yield (<1.96 kg/d) or high-yield (>2.75 kg/d) based on milk production performance. Milk fat (5.16 +/- 0.51 g/100 g) and milk protein (3.59 +/- 0.22 g/100 g) concentrations were significantly lower in high-yielding camels than those in low-yielding camels (6.21 +/- 0.59 g/100 g, and 3.93 +/- 0.27 g/100 g, respectively) (p < 0.01). There were no apparent differences in gland tissue morphology between the low- and high-production groups. Whole-genome resequencing of 12 low- and 12 high-yield camels was performed. The results of selection mapping methods, performed using two methods (F-ST and theta pi), showed that 264 single nucleotide polymorphism sites (SNPs) overlapped between the two methods, identifying 181 genes. These genes were mainly associated with the regulation of oxytocin, estrogen, ErbB, Wnt, mTOR, PI3K-Akt, growth hormone synthesis/secretion/action, and MAPK signaling pathways. A total of 123 SNPs were selected, based on significantly associated genomic regions and important pathways for SNP genotyping, for verification in 521 additional Bactrian camels. This analysis showed that 13 SNPs were significantly associated with camel milk production yield and 18 SNPs were significantly associated with camel milk composition percentages. Most of these SNPs were located in coding regions of the genome. However, five and two important mutation sites were found in the introns of CSN2 (beta-casein) and CSN3 (kappa-casein), respectively. Among the candidate genes, NR4A1, ADCY8, PPARG, CSN2, and CSN3 have previously been well studied in dairy livestock. These observations provide a basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying milk production in camels as well as genetic markers for breeding programs aimed at improving milk production.

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