Lignocellulose degradation by rumen bacterial communities: New insights from metagenome analyses

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Gharechahi, Javad

作者： Gharechahi, Javad;Vahidi, Mohammad Farhad;Sharifi, Golandam;Ariaeenejad, Shohreh;Salekdeh, Ghasem Hosseini;Ding, Xue-Zhi;Han, Jian-Lin;Han, Jian-Lin;Salekdeh, Ghasem Hosseini

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关键词： Rumen; Fermentation; Lignocellulose degradation; Carbohydrate active enzyme; Metagenome; Metagenome-assembled genome

期刊名称：ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH （ 影响因子：8.3； 五年影响因子：8.2 ）

ISSN： 0013-9351

年卷期： 2023 年 229 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Ruminant animals house a dense and diverse community of microorganisms in their rumen, an enlarged compartment in their stomach, which provides a supportive environment for the storage and microbial fermentation of ingested feeds dominated by plant materials. The rumen microbiota has acquired diverse and functionally overlapped enzymes for the degradation of plant cell wall polysaccharides. In rumen Bacteroidetes, enzymes involved in degradation are clustered into polysaccharide utilization loci to facilitate coordinated expression when target polysaccharides are available. Firmicutes use free enzymes and cellulosomes to degrade the polysaccharides. Fibrobacters either aggregate lignocellulose-degrading enzymes on their cell surface or release them into the extracellular medium in membrane vesicles, a mechanism that has proven extremely effective in the breakdown of recalcitrant cellulose. Based on current metagenomic analyses, rumen Bacter-oidetes and Firmicutes are categorized as generalist microbes that can degrade a wide range of polysaccharides, while other members adapted toward specific polysaccharides. Particularly, there is ample evidence that Ver-rucomicrobia and Spirochaetes have evolved enzyme systems for the breakdown of complex polysaccharides such as xyloglucans, peptidoglycans, and pectin. It is concluded that diversity in degradation mechanisms is required to ensure that every component in feeds is efficiently degraded, which is key to harvesting maximum energy by host animals.

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