Structural and Functional Diversity of Glutamate Receptors-Like Channels in Plants

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Riaz, Bisma

作者： Riaz, Bisma;Zhang, Yanli;Riaz, Adeel;Qin, Yuan;Deng, Fenglin;Zeng, Fanrong;Riaz, Bisma;Zhang, Yanli;Riaz, Adeel;Qin, Yuan;Deng, Fenglin;Zeng, Fanrong;Jiang, Wei;Sadia, Hafiza;Chen, Guang;Chen, Zhong-Hua

作者机构：

关键词： calcium; electrical signaling; GLR channel; molecular evolution; vascular system

期刊名称：PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM （ 影响因子：3.6； 五年影响因子：5.4 ）

ISSN： 0031-9317

年卷期： 2025 年 177 卷 3 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Glutamate receptor-like (GLR) family encodes cation-permeable ion channels that are crucial for defense signaling and have attracted significant research interest. The identification of multiple GLRs subfamilies across vascular lineages suggests their functional diversity in plants. Functional studies of clade 3 GLRs confirm their critical role in generating electrical signals and increasing cytosolic Ca2+ in response to mechanical wounding, insect and pathogen attacks, and other environmental cues for systemic defense responses. In this review, we present evidence that GLRs are conserved across all plant lineages and likely originated from Streptophyta. Comparative bioinformatic analysis of GLRs' functional domains reveals that ion channel gating and ligand binding of GLR are highly conserved and involved in ion transport and cell-to-cell communication in plants. The role of GLRs in electrical and Ca2+ signaling is also discussed in non-vascular tissues as well as in vascular plants. The hypothetical model suggests that GLR-induced systemic defense responses to external stimuli may have co-evolved with plant vascular systems. We also highlight the role of glutamate and other amino acid agonists in regulating membrane depolarization and cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. Finally, we review the roles of GLR in physiological processes, abiotic and biotic stresses, and strategies to enhance plant health and productivity.

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