Nitrogen application rates need to be reduced for half of the rice paddy fields in China

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Zhang, Dan

作者： Zhang, Dan;Wang, Hongyuan;Pan, Junting;Liu, Shen;Zhai, Limei;Zhang, Yitao;Lei, Qiuliang;Wu, Shuxia;Liu, Hongbin;Luo, Jiafa;Lindsey, Stuart;Liu, Jian;Gu, Baojing;Smith, Pete

作者机构：

关键词： Crop yield; Nitrogen rate threshold; Nitrogen loss; Food security; Environmental benefit; Non-point source pollution

期刊名称：AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT （ 影响因子：5.567； 五年影响因子：6.064 ）

ISSN： 0167-8809

年卷期： 2018 年 265 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Increasing nitrogen (N) application to croplands in order to support growing food demand is a major cause of environmental degradation. However, evaluations of suitable N application rates based on environmental benefit have rarely been carried out for paddy-rice at a national scale in China. To address this challenge, we investigated the current status of N management in 1531 counties, covering the primary agro-ecological regions of Chinese rice production in 2008, and conducted 12 field experiments with six N level practices for 3 years (2011-2013). Results showed that the highest yields for rice were 5.8-8.6 Mg ha(-1) with N rates of 209.4-289.8 kg N ha(-1). Compared with the N rate for the highest yield (YHN), the environmentally optimal N rate (EnON) was lower by 20-39% and the corresponding N loss was reduced by 21-45%, while ensuring 95-99% of the highest crop yield. In China, the N inputs to paddy fields exceeded the YHN and EnON rates by 10% and 45%, respectively. After adjusting the N rate to paddy fields to the EnON rate, the N amount used in China and the corresponding N lost would be reduced by 0.9 and 0.5 Tg N yr(-1), respectively, which enable highly efficient production of food with the lowest N loss possible. Thus, we suggest that N use rates for 45% of rice paddy fields in China, for which N application rates exceed the EnON rate, need to be reduced to mitigate environmental damage, and this can be done while still meeting China's food demand.

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