The C-S-A gene system regulates hull pigmentation and reveals evolution of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in rice

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Sun, Xingming

作者： Sun, Xingming;Zhang, Zhanying;Chen, Chao;Wu, Wei;Ren, Nannan;Jiang, Conghui;Yu, Jianping;Zhao, Yan;Zhang, Hongliang;Li, Jinjie;Li, Zichao;Zheng, Xiaoming;Yang, Qingwen

作者机构：

关键词： Color; domestication; evolution; flavonoid; gene interaction; gene network; rice

期刊名称：JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY （ 影响因子：6.992； 五年影响因子：7.86 ）

ISSN： 0022-0957

年卷期： 2018 年 69 卷 7 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Floral organs in rice (Oryza sativa) can be purple, brown, or red in color due to the accumulation of flavonoids, but the molecular mechanism underlying specific organ pigmentation is not clear. Here, we propose a C-S-A gene model for rice hull pigmentation and characterize it through genetic, molecular, and metabolomic approaches. Furthermore, we conducted phylogenetic studies to reveal the evolution of rice color. In this gene system, C1 encodes a R2R3-MYB transcription factor and acts as a color-producing gene, and S1 encodes a bHLH protein that functions in a tissue-specific manner. C1 interacts with S1 and activates expression of A1, which encodes a dihydroflavonol reductase. As a consequence, the hull is purple where functional A1 participation leads to high accumulation of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside. Loss of function of A1 leads to a brown hull color due to accumulation of flavonoids such as hesperetin 5-O-glucoside, rutin, and delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside. This shows a different evolutionary pathway of rice color in japonica and indica, supporting independent origin of cultivars in each subspecies. Our findings provide a complete perspective on the gene regulation network of rice color formation and supply the theoretical basis for extended application of this beneficial trait.

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