Phage-antibiotic synergism against Salmonella typhi isolated from stool samples of typhoid patients

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Ali, Saqib

作者： Ali, Saqib;Aslam, Muhammad Aamir;Kanwar, Rabia;Mehmood, Zain;Arshad, Muhammad Imran;Hussain, Sarfaraz;Hussain, Sarfaraz

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关键词： Antibiotic resistance; Bacteriophage; Ciprofloxacin; Multi-drug resistance (MDR); Synergism

期刊名称：IRISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE （ 影响因子：2.1； 五年影响因子：1.8 ）

ISSN： 0021-1265

年卷期： 2023 年

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： Background Typhoid fever is a fatal disease in humans that is caused by Salmonella typhi. S. typhi infections need immediate antibiotic therapy, and their extensive use has led to multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. The use of bacteriophages is becoming a new way to treat these resistant bacteria. This research was directed to bacteriophage isolation against S. typhi and to determine phage-antibiotic synergism.Aims To isolate bacteriophages targeting S. typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever, and investigate their potential synergistic effects when combined with antibiotics.Study design A cross-sectional study.Methods The Widal test was positive; twenty diarrheal stool samples were taken, and for confirmation of S. typhi, different biochemical tests were performed. The disc-diffusion technique was used to determine antimicrobial resistance, and the double agar overlay method was used for bacteriophage isolation from sewage water against S. typhi. To test antibiotic-phage synergism, the S. typhi bacteria was treated by phages together with varying antibiotic concentrations.Results Eleven samples were positive for S. typhi with black colonies on SS-agar. These were catalase and MR positive with alkali butt on TSI. Clear plaques were observed after the agar overlay. Isolated phages were stable at various pH and temperature levels. Synergism was observed on agar plate. The zone was enlarged when phages were combined with bacterial lawn culture and ciprofloxacin disk. Bacterial growth inhibition had a significant p-value of 0.03 in titration plates, with the phage-ciprofloxacin combination being more effective than the phage and antibiotic alone.Conclusion The study highlights the synergistic effects of isolated bacteriophages with antibiotics, which are not only effective against S. typhi infection but also decrease antibiotic resistance.

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