Genetic and genomic characterization of multidrug resistant Bacillus subtilis M3 isolated from an activated sludge reactor treating wastewater

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Ul Haq, Hafeez

作者： Ul Haq, Hafeez;Huang, Wei;Li, Ye;Zhang, Ting;Ma, Shaocheng;Zhang, Yajing;Tian, Baoyu;Song, Yongkang;Lin, Daiyan

作者机构：

关键词： Activated sludge; Bacillus subtilis; ARGs; MGEs; HMRGs

期刊名称：BIOLOGIA （ 影响因子：1.653； 五年影响因子：1.532 ）

ISSN： 0006-3088

年卷期： 2022 年 77 卷 4 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARBs) carrying resistance genes (ARGs) have increasingly been detected in activated sludge. Bacillus subtilis, a gram-positive and spore-produced bacterium, is commonly found as one of the dominant bacterial group in activated sludge of wastewater treatment plants. These Bacillus strains are always categorized with various antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and mechanisms, and thought as one of the important carriers to spread ARGs of sludge to environment. This study aimed to characterize the ARGs, MGEs, and HMRGs of a multidrug-resistant Bacillus subtilis M3 strain, which was isolated from an activated sludge. The Bacillus subtilis M3 genome was sequenced and assembled, and then annotated in the RAST server. Simultaneously, SARG 2.0, INTEGRALL, and BacMet databases were used to identify the ARGs, MGEs, and HMRGs. The analysis showed that Bacillus subtilis M3, with a genome length of 5,728,923 bp, harbors ten types of ARGs involving resistance to aminoglycoside, multidrug, bacitracin, beta-lactamase, vancomycin, and tetracycline. Along with this, more than 41 types of MGEs and 23 types of HMRG were also identified. The genome sequence reported here will provide useful information better to understand antibiotics resistance profiles of the Bacillus strains from the sludge. Results highlighted that the spread of ARGs, MGEs, and HMRG in activated sludge deserved more public health attention.

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