Foot-and-mouth disease virus-like particle vaccine incorporating dominant T and B cell epitopes: enhanced immune response in piglets with CD154 molecules

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Li, Yuwan

作者： Li, Yuwan;Zeng, Weijun;Niu, Xinni;Yuan, Zhongmao;Li, Shurou;Lin, Jinru;Xie, Kaiyuan;Yi, Lin;Ding, Hongxing;Zhao, Mingqiu;Fan, Shuangqi;Chen, Jinding;Zhu, Zixiang

作者机构：

关键词： foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV); virus-like particle vaccine (VLP); CD154; T and B cell epitopes; ADDomer

期刊名称：FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE （ 影响因子：2.9； 五年影响因子：3.3 ）

ISSN：

年卷期： 2025 年 12 卷

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： Introduction Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease caused by FMDV, resulting in vesicular lesions in cloven-hoofed animals and posing significant economic threats to the livestock industry. VLP vaccines, which lack viral genetic material and are non-infectious, demonstrate superior safety compared to traditional inactivated vaccines. This study employs ADDomer, a novel adenovirus-based VLP framework, to display FMDV antigenic epitopes on the VLP surface. Additionally, FMDV capsid proteins can assemble into VLPs, offering innovative approaches for developing more efficient and safer FMDV vaccines.Methods Two FMDV VLP proteins were constructed using a baculovirus expression system. One VLP was developed by embedding the B-cell epitope of FMDV VP1 into the G-H loop of VP3 and co-expressing it with VP1 and VP0 to form VP1-VP3B-VP0. The other VLP, ADDomer-BBT, fused B-and T-cell epitopes from FMDV O-type VP1 into the ADDomer platform, with porcine CD154 expressed as an immune enhancer. Expression conditions were optimized, and proteins were purified. The VLPs, combined with porcine CD15 molecular adjuvant, were evaluated for immunogenicity in piglets.Results After purification, both VLPs displayed virus-like structures under electron microscopy. Immunization in piglets induced high levels of FMDV-specific and neutralizing antibodies, enhanced cytokines IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma, and increased lymphocyte proliferation. The CD154-added group showed higher immune responses.Discussion The VLP vaccines effectively induced strong cellular and humoral immune responses, with CD154 enhancing efficacy. These findings provide insights for developing safer, more effective FMDV vaccines and contribute to advancing livestock health and productivity.

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