A novel mode of WRKY1 regulating PR1-mediated immune balance to defend against powdery mildew in apple

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Lan, Liming

作者： Lan, Liming;Cao, Lifang;Zhang, Lulu;Fu, Weihong;Wu, Chao;Zeng, Xianqi;Qu, Shenchun;Yu, Xinyi;Deng, Wenyi;Xu, Xu;Cai, Binhua;Wang, Sanhong;Luo, Changguo

作者机构：

关键词： Apple powdery mildew; Salicylic acid; PR1; Plant immunity; Immune balance; WRKY40-NPR3g module; NPR1; TGA2c variants; Alternative splicing; BTB-POZ domain; EPS1; WRKY1; Immune defense mechanism

期刊名称：MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE （ 影响因子：8.1； 五年影响因子：11.0 ）

ISSN： 2730-9401

年卷期： 2025 年 5 卷 1 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Powdery mildew (PM), caused by the biotrophic fungus Podospharea leucotricha, poses a significant threat to apple production. Salicylic acid (SA) signaling plays a crucial role in enhancing resistance to biotrophic pathogens. While PR1, a defense protein induced by SA, is essential for plant immunity, its excessive accumulation can be detrimental. However, the mechanism of PR1-mediated immune balance remains unclear. This study identified a key transcription factor, WRKY1, which enhances the SA accumulation by modulating the SA biosynthesis gene EPS1, while simultaneously regulating the WRKY40-NPR3g module to prevent sustained PR1 expression caused by continuous SA accumulation. Specifically, the transcription factor WRKY40 upregulates NPR3g expression, and NPR3g interacts with NPR1 in an SA-dependent manner. Then, two TGA2c variants that interact with NPR1 to activate PR1 expression were identified: canonical TGA2c-1 and alternative splicing of TGA2c-2 with an exon deletion. SA does not influence the NPR1-TGA2c-1 interaction but is essential for the NPR1-TGA2c-2 interaction. Notably, NPR3g reduces PR1 levels by selectively disrupting the NPR1-TGA2c-2 complex through competition for the BTB-POZ domain of NPR1. In conclusion, this study identifies a novel mechanism by which WRKY1 modulates PR1-mediated immune balance to defend against PM.

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