Torrefaction of walnut oil processing wastes by superheated steam: Effects on products characteristics

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Zhang, Dongdong

作者： Zhang, Dongdong;Han, Peilin;Zheng, Huidong;Yan, Zuoyi

作者机构：

关键词： Walnut oil processing wastes; Superheated steam torrefaction; Fuel property; Combustion behaviours

期刊名称：SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT （ 影响因子：10.753； 五年影响因子：10.237 ）

ISSN： 0048-9697

年卷期： 2022 年 830 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Walnut oil production waste (WOPW) is a by-product of walnut oil processing. The organic waste is rich in holocellulose and lignin, showing good potential to be converted by thermal process to valuable products. Superheated steam (SHS) torrefaction isa recently proposed thermal process enabling fast and unformal biomass heating, resulting in high-quality solid products as direct fuel. The potential of SHS to torrefy lipids and proteins (being rich in WOPW) is attractive for broader application of SHS torrefaction to upgrade more biomass wastes. SHS torrefaction was studied in this work to upgrade WOPW for solid products with different reaction temperatures (200, 250, 300 degrees C) and residence times (20, 40, 60 min). The lowest weight yield was 43.64 wt% under the severest treatment of 300 degrees C and 60 min, accompanied with the highest energy enhancement of 1.34 (reaching HHV of 27.03 MJ/kg). Response surface method is employed to reveal the effects of temperature and residence time. Residence time of 40 min under 300 degrees C was sup-posed to be an ideal condition to upgrade WOPW with HHV of 26.68 MJ/kg and in the range of coal from Van Krevelen diagram. Combustion indices (e.g., fuel ratio, combustion index, and volatile ignitability) indicated that the aforemen-tioned torrefied WOPW had favourable properties as co-firing material. On the other hand, combustion behaviours analysis demonstrated that SHS torrefied WOPW could perform well as direct fuel. Aqueous effiuent was also con-densed and analyzed, where products from lipids and proteins were massively presented, giving an insight into the de-composition of those two constitutes undergoing SHS torrefaction.

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