Versatility of the Zinc-Finger Antiviral Protein (ZAP) As a Modulator of Viral Infections

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Shao, Ran

作者： Shao, Ran;Visser, Imke;Fros, Jelke J.;Fros, Jelke J.;Yin, Xin

作者机构：

关键词： ZAP; zinc-finger antiviral protein; ZC3HAV1; PARP13; viruses; innate immunity; CpG dinucleotide

期刊名称：INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES （ 影响因子：10.0； 五年影响因子：9.6 ）

ISSN： 1449-2288

年卷期： 2024 年 20 卷 12 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： The zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP) is a restriction factor that proficiently impedes the replication of a variety of RNA and DNA viruses. In recent years, the affinity of ZAP's zinc-fingers for single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) rich in CpG dinucleotides was uncovered. High frequencies of CpGs in RNA may suggest a non-self origin, which underscores the importance of ZAP as a potential cellular sensor of (viral) RNA. Upon binding viral RNA, ZAP recruits cellular cofactors to orchestrate a finely tuned antiviral response that limits virus replication via distinct mechanisms. These include promoting degradation of viral RNA, inhibiting RNA translation, and synergizing with other immune pathways. Depending on the viral species and experimental set-up, different isoforms and cellular cofactors have been reported to be dominant in shaping the ZAP-mediated antiviral response. Here we review how ZAP differentially affects viral replication depending on distinct interactions with RNA, cellular cofactors, and viral proteins to discuss how these interactions shape the antiviral mechanisms that have thus far been reported for ZAP. Importantly, we zoom in on the unknown aspects of ZAP's antiviral system and its therapeutic potential to be employed in vaccine design.

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