Evaluation of tobacco pesticides nitenpyram-spiroxamine co-exposure effects on honeybees: Molecular mechanisms and melatonin's protective role

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Wang, Hancheng

作者： Wang, Hancheng;Cai, Liuti;Xue, Yuan;Wang, Ying;Pan, Shouhui;Zhu, Jun;Wang, Yanhua

作者机构：

关键词： Pesticide; Honeybee; Synergistic toxicity; Co-exposure; Midgut

期刊名称：JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS （ 影响因子：11.3； 五年影响因子：12.4 ）

ISSN： 0304-3894

年卷期： 2025 年 496 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Pesticide exposure poses a critical threat to honeybee health, yet the interactive effects of pesticide co-exposure remain poorly understood. This study examines the toxic effects of simultaneous exposure to tobacco pesticides nitenpyram (NIT), a neonicotinoid insecticide, and spiroxamine (SPX), a spiroketalamine fungicide, on honeybees (Apis mellifera L.), and evaluates the protective potential of melatonin (MT). Acute toxicity assessments revealed a 96-hour median lethal concentration (LC50) of 1.04 mg a.i. L-1 for NIT, which was significantly lower compared to SPX (6709.8 mg a.i. L-1). Besides, pesticide co-exposure resulted in a marked acute synergistic toxic effect. In a 10-day subchronic exposure at field-relevant doses, NIT-SPX co-exposure severely damaged the midgut, degraded the G-layer, disrupted the columnar digestive structure, and downregulated tight junction proteins ZO-2, as well as mucins Mucin1 and Mucin2. Moreover, molecular assays showed elevated oxidative stress, with upregulation of Sod1, Catalase, MsrA, increased MDA levels, and enhanced CAT and SOD activities.Pro-inflammation genes (Eiger, Relish, Cactus) were also markedly induced. Notably, co-treatment with melatonin (MT) significantly alleviated NIT-SPX-induced midgut damage, suppressed oxidative stress, and dampened inflammatory gene expression, demonstrating its potent protective effects. These results provide valuable insights into the environmental hazard assessment and tobacco pesticide policy frameworks.

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