VOC Characterization of Byasa hedistus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) and Its Visual and Olfactory Responses during Foraging and Courtship

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Li, Mingtao

作者： Li, Mingtao;Chen, Shunan;Yao, Jun;Shi, Lei;Chen, Hang;Li, Mingtao;Shi, Lei;Chen, Hang;Chen, Xiaoming;Li, Mingtao;Liu, Jie;Chen, Xiaoming

作者机构：

关键词： Byasa hedistus; VOCs; response of visual and olfactory; foraging and courtship

期刊名称：INSECTS （ 影响因子：2.7； 五年影响因子：2.9 ）

ISSN：

年卷期： 2024 年 15 卷 7 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Color and odor are crucial cues for butterflies during foraging and courtship. While most sexual dimorphic butterflies rely more on vision, our understanding of how butterflies with similar coloration use different signals remains limited. This study investigated the visual and olfactory behavioral responses of the similarly colored butterfly Byasa hedistus during foraging and courtship. While visiting artificial flowers of different colors, we found that B. hedistus exhibits an innate color preference, with a sequence of preferences for red, purple, and blue. The frequency of flower visits by B. hedistus significantly increased when honey water was sprayed on the artificial flowers, but it hardly visited apetalous branches with honey water. This proves that locating nectar sources by odor alone is difficult in the absence of floral color guides. During courtship, males are active while females hardly chase; only two models were observed: males chasing males and males chasing females. The courtship process includes four behaviors: slowing approach, straight chasing, hovering, and spinning. B. hedistus cannot distinguish between sexes based on color, as there is no significant difference in color and shape between them. Twenty-three VOCs (>1%) were identified in B. hedistus, with 21 shared by both sexes, while ketones are specific to males. These VOCs are principally represented by cineole, beta-pinene, and linalool. When cineole was added to butterfly mimics, many butterflies were attracted to them, but the butterflies did not seem to distinguish between males and females. This suggests that cineole may be the feature VOC for identifying conspecific groups. Adding beta-pinene and linalool to mimics induced numerous butterflies to chase, hover, spin around, and attempt to mate with them. This suggests that beta-pinene and linalool are crucial cues indicating the presence of females.

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