Genetic Diversity and Construction of Salt-Tolerant Core Germplasm in Maize (Zea mays L.) Based on Phenotypic Traits and SNP Markers

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Song, Yongfeng

作者： Song, Yongfeng;Wang, Jiahao;Ma, Yingwen;Wang, Jiaxin;Bao, Liangliang;Zhou, Yu;Zeng, Xing;Wang, Zhenhua;Zhang, Lin;Li, Chunxiang;Di, Hong;Sun, Dequan;Lin, Hong;Fan, Jinsheng

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关键词： Zea mays L.; germplasm conservation; phenotypic evaluation; SNP genotyping; Mahalanobis distance; subgroup classification; seed germination stress

期刊名称：PLANTS-BASEL （ 影响因子：4.1； 五年影响因子：4.5 ）

ISSN： 2223-7747

年卷期： 2025 年 14 卷 14 期

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： Maize is an essential staple food, and its genetic diversity plays a central role in breeding programs aimed at developing climate-adapted cultivars. Constructing a representative core germplasm set is necessary for the efficient conservation and utilization of maize genetic resources. In this study, we analyzed 588 cultivated maize accessions using agronomic traits such as plant morphology and yield traits such as ear characteristics and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to assess molecular diversity and population structure and to construct a core collection. Nineteen phenotypic traits were evaluated, revealing high genetic diversity and significant correlations among most quantitative traits. The optimal sampling strategy was identified as "Mahalanobis distance + 20% + deviation sampling + flexible method." Whole-genome genotyping was conducted using the Maize6H-60K liquid phase chip. Population structure analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis divided the 588 accessions into six subgroups. A core collection of 172 accessions was selected based on both phenotypic and genotypic data. These were further evaluated for salt-alkali tolerance during germination, and cluster analysis classified them into five groups. Sixty-five accessions demonstrated salt-alkali tolerance, including 18 with high resistance. This core collection serves as a valuable foundation for germplasm conservation and utilization strategies.

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