Optimal Fertilizer Application Reduced Nitrogen Leaching and Maintained High Yield in Wheat-Maize Cropping System in North China

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Luo, Xiaosheng

作者： Luo, Xiaosheng;Kou, Changlin;Wang, Qian

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关键词： N leaching; in situ leakage pond; interannual variation; grain yield; soil nitrate N; North China Plain

期刊名称：PLANTS-BASEL （ 影响因子：4.658； 五年影响因子：4.827 ）

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年卷期： 2022 年 11 卷 15 期

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： Agricultural nitrogen (N) non-point source pollution in the North China Plain is a major factor that affects water quality and human health. The characteristics of N leaching under different N application conditions should be further quantified accurately in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize (Zea mays L.) rotation farmland in North China, and a basis for reducing the risk and evaluation of N leaching in this area. A three-year field experiment was conducted using an in situ leakage pond method at a typical farmland in Henan in 2017-2020. Crop yield, soil nitrate N residues, and N utilization were also studied during the study period. Five N fertilizer rates were established with 0 (CK), 285 (LN), 465 (MN), 510 (MNO), and 645 (HN) kg N ha(-1) for one rotation cycle. MNO was applied with chemical and organic fertilizers. The concentration of nitrate N in the soil leaching solution of CK, LN, MN, MNO, and HN was 0.81-, 1.49-, 3.65-, 5.55-, and 7.57-fold that of the World Health Organization's standard for underground drinking water. The exponential relationship between the N application rate and leaching was obtained when the annual N input exceeded 300 kg ha(-1), and the N leaching rate increased greatly. The leaching rate of nitrate N in the total N was 50.6-82.4% under different treatments of N application. The combination of chemical and organic fertilizers treatment (MNO) reduced the amount of N that was leached in dry years. The nitrate leaching amount of summer maize accounts for 83.0%, 49.4%, and 72.0% of the total nitrate leaching amount of the whole rotation cycles in 2017-2020. LN and MN were recommended as the optimized N application here (285-465 kg N ha(-1)) with the two-season rotation grain yield of 17.2 ton ha(-1) (16.5-17.9 ton ha(-1)) and nitrate N leaching of 21.6 kg ha(-1) (12.6-30.5 kg ha(-1)).

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