Turning weeds into feed: Ensiling Calotropis gigantea (Giant milkweed) reduces its toxicity and enhances its palatability for dairy cows

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Ayemele, Aurele Gnetegha

作者： Ayemele, Aurele Gnetegha;Wang, Yuehu;Xu, Jianchu;Ayemele, Aurele Gnetegha;Ma, Lu;Bu, Dengpan;Xu, Jianchu;Xu, Jianchu

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关键词： Calotropisgigantea Chemical biotransformation; Feed additive; Poisonous plant; Plant metabolome

期刊名称：ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY （ 影响因子：6.8； 五年影响因子：6.9 ）

ISSN： 0147-6513

年卷期： 2024 年 276 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Calotropis gigantea (Giant milkweed, GM) has the potential to be utilized as a new feed additive for ruminants, however, the presence of unpalatable or toxic compounds decreases animal feed intake. This study aimed to valorize GM as a potential new feed resource through the chemical and microbial biotransformation of toxic compounds that will henceforth, make the plant palatable for cows. After GM 's ensiling using fermentative bacteria, the plant was sampled for UHPLC-MS/MS to analyse the metabolomic changes. Illumina Miseq of the 16 S rRNA fragment genes and ITS1 were used to describe the microbial composition and structure colonizing GM silage and contributing to the biodegradation of toxic compounds. Microbial functions were predicted from metataxonomic data and KEGG pathways analysis. Eight Holstein dairy cows assigned in a cross -over design were supplemented with GM and GM silage to evaluate palatability and effects on milk yield and milk protein. Cows were fed their typical diet prior to the experiment (positive control). After ensiling, 23 flavonoids, 47 amino acids and derivatives increased, while the other 14 flavonoids, 9 amino acids and derivatives decreased, indicating active metabolism during the GM ensiling process. Lactobacillus buchneri, Bacteroides ovatus, and Megasphaera elsdenii were specific to ensiled GM and correlated to functional plant metabolites, while Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus were specific to non-ensiled GM and correlated to the toxic metabolite 5-hydroxymethylfurfural."Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism", "cancer overview" and "neurodegenerative disease" were the highly expressed microbial KEGG pathways in non-ensiled GM. Nonensiled GM is unpalatable for cows and drastically reduces the animal 's feed intake, whereas ensiled GM does not reduce feed intake, milk yield and milk protein. This study provides essential information for sustainable animal production by valorizing GM as a new feed additive.

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