Vertical Profiling of PM1 and PM2.5 Dynamics: UAV-Based Observations in Seasonal Urban Atmosphere

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Zhao, Zhen

作者： Zhao, Zhen;Ye, Xuezhu;Pang, Yuting;Qi, Bing;Zhang, Chi;Yang, Ming

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关键词： PM1 and PM2.5; seasonal and diurnal distribution; vertical profiling; transport and formation mechanisms; unmanned aerial vehicle

期刊名称：ATMOSPHERE （ 影响因子：2.3； 五年影响因子：2.5 ）

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年卷期： 2025 年 16 卷 8 期

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： Urban particulate matter (PM) pollution critically impacts public health and climate. However, traditional ground-based monitoring fails to resolve vertical PM distribution, limiting understanding of transport and stratification-coupled mechanisms. Vertical profiles collected by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) over Hangzhou, a core megacity in China's Yangtze River Delta, reveal the spatiotemporal heterogeneity and multi-scale drivers of regional PM pollution during two intensive ten-day campaigns capturing peak pollution scenarios (winter: 17-26 January 2019; summer: 21-30 August 2019). Results show stark seasonal differences: winter PM1 and PM2.5 averages were 2.6- and 2.7-fold higher (p < 0.0001) than summer. Diurnal patterns were bimodal in winter and unimodal (single valley) in summer. Vertically consistent PM1 and PM2.5 distributions featured sharp morning (08:00) concentration increases within specific layers (winter: 250-325 m; summer: 350-425 m). Analysis demonstrates multi-scale coupling of synoptic systems, boundary layer processes, and vertical wind structure governing pollution. Key mechanisms include a winter "Transport-Accumulation-Reactivation" cycle driven by cold air, and summer typhoon circulation influences. We identify hygroscopic growth triggered by inversion-high humidity coupling and sea-breeze-driven secondary aerosol formation. Leveraging UAV-based vertical profiling over Hangzhou, this study pioneers a three-dimensional dissection of layer-coupled PM dynamics in the Yangtze River Delta, offering a scalable paradigm for aerial-ground networks to achieve precision stratified control strategies in megacities.

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