The over-estimation of long-term mineral fertilizer on CO2 release from soil carbonates

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Zhou, Jie

作者： Zhou, Jie;Yang, Xiao;Liu, Enke;Mei, Xurong;Zhou, Jie;Shao, Guodong;Li, Lili;Zamanian, Kazem;Alharbi, Sulaiman Almwarai;Filimonenko, Ekaterina;Mei, Xurong;Mei, Xurong;Kuzyakov, Yakov;Kuzyakov, Yakov;Kuzyakov, Yakov

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关键词： Pedogenic carbonates; Soil CO 2 efflux; Stable C isotopes; Cropland management

期刊名称：AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT （ 影响因子：6.4； 五年影响因子：6.8 ）

ISSN： 0167-8809

年卷期： 2025 年 392 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Soil inorganic carbon (SIC) contributes up to half to the soil carbon (C) stock globally and is especially crucial in arid and semi-arid zones. Widespread soil acidification due to fertilization neutralize carbonates getting an irrecoverable net source of CO2 out of SIC. Nevertheless, SIC is generally neglected as a CO2 source and disregarded in the C balance between soil and atmosphere. A 40-year fertilization field experiment provides an excellent option to investigate the influences of mineral and organic fertilizers on carbonate-derived CO2 efflux by partitioning CO2 sources using the delta 13C signature. Although 40 years of mineral fertilizers caused soil acidification and SIC neutralization, SIC-derived CO2 was comparable with that from the control soils. This could be explained by that mineral fertilizer decreased soil-derived CO2 production and the partial pressure of soil CO2, which led to the weak reduction of SIC dissolution in the long term. Thus, the annual contribution of SIC-derived CO2 to total CO2 under long-term mineral fertilization may look as of minor importance. Organic fertilizers (manure, straw) reduced the proportional contribution of SIC-derived COQ by 16-42 % relative to controls, despite elevating total COQ emissions by 5.4-9.1 Mg C ha-1 yr-1. This divergence stems from Ca2+ inputs during organic matter decomposition, which catalyzed COQ reprecipitation as pedogenic carbonates, decoupling dissolution from atmospheric release. Crucially, manure amendments achieved net soil C sequestration (0.47 Mg C ha-1 yr-1). In contrast, straw-induced SIC losses (2.0 Mg C ha-1 over 40 years) negated 52 % of SOC gains, yielding marginal net sequestration (2.4 +/- 1.7 Mg C ha-1). These results underscore the imperative to evaluate SIC-SOC interactions when assessing the climate efficiency of organic management. SIC-derived COQ efflux fluctuated seasonally, peaking during the flowering phase (19-35 % of total emissions), then declining by 5.0-9.7 %. This temporal decoupling highlights rhizosphere activity as a key regulator of SIC. Ignoring SIC contributions led to a 35 % overestimation of heterotrophic respiration in total COQ efflux, illustrating systemic biases in current C models. Our findings advocate for manure-based management to maximize C sequestration not as SOC but as SIC and to minimize CO2 emissions from SIC, a dual strategy to reconcile agricultural productivity with climate resilience in semi-arid regions.

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