Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal regulatory mechanisms governing carbohydrate biosynthesis in Panax ginseng

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Liu, Zhengbo

作者： Liu, Zhengbo;Jin, Qiao;Wang, Qiuxia;Zhang, Linlin;Zhang, Yue;Liu, Zhengbo

作者机构：

关键词： Panax ginseng; Potassium fertilizers; Monosaccharides; Polysaccharides; Transcriptome and metabolome

期刊名称：PLANT SCIENCE （ 影响因子：4.1； 五年影响因子：5.1 ）

ISSN： 0168-9452

年卷期： 2025 年 358 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Ginseng (Panax ginseng) is renowned for its medicinal properties, which are primarily attributed to bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides and secondary metabolites. However, the mechanisms underlying carbohydrate synthesis and metabolism in ginseng remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of different potassium fertilizers, including potassium fulvic acid (BSFA), potassium humate (KHM), and potassium sulfate (KS), on the accumulation of monosaccharides and polysaccharides in ginseng. Through integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses, we elucidated the metabolic pathways and gene networks associated with monosaccharide and polysaccharide biosynthesis under these treatments. Among the tested fertilizers, KS treatment significantly enhanced the accumulation of galactose, arabinose, and crude polysaccharides, outperforming both BSFA and KHM treatments. Metabolomic profiling revealed distinct metabolic reprogramming induced by each treatment: BSFA and KHM treatments enriched pathways related to phosphatidylinositol signaling and autophagy, whereas KS treatment uniquely activated monoterpenoid biosynthesis. Transcriptomic analysis further demonstrated that KS treatment markedly upregulated key genes involved in nucleotide sugar metabolism, including EVM0043355 (UAE), EVM0012792 (UDP-D-xylose synthase), and EVM0013821 (UDP-D-xylose synthase), as well as starch hydrolysis-related genes such as EVM0053524 (glycosyl hydrolase family) and EVM0000395 (hexokinase). Notably, UDP-D-xylose synthase plays a pivotal role in generating polysaccharide precursors, and the nucleotide sugar metabolism pathway may regulate the diversion of sugar intermediates toward polysaccharide biosynthesis. These findings further support the role of KS in promoting polysaccharide synthesis. Network analysis identified critical gene-metabolite interactions, highlighting the importance of nucleotide sugar metabolism in polysaccharide biosynthesis. Collectively, our results provide novel insights into how potassium fertilizers modulate ginseng's metabolic profile and offer practical strategies for optimizing cultivation practices to improve its medicinal value.

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