Sex-Specific Effects of Environmental Exposure to the Antimicrobial Agents Benzalkonium Chloride and Triclosan on the Gut Microbiota and Health of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Liu, Yueyue

作者： Liu, Yueyue;Wang, Chen;Sun, Wen;An, Lihui;Bai, Yingchen;Wu, Fengchang;Liu, Yueyue;Lin, Siyi;Zheng, Guomao;Li, Tong

作者机构： Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci, State Key Lab Environm Criteria & Risk Assessment, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China;Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Water Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China;Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China;Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Qual Stand & Testing Technol Agroprod, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China

关键词： antimicrobial additives; quaternary ammonium compounds; gut microbiota; nuclear factor-kappa beta; feeding behavior

期刊名称：ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY （ 2023影响因子：10.8； 五年影响因子：11.6 ）

ISSN： 0013-936X

年卷期： 2024 年

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： The use of disinfectants containing benzalkonium chloride (BAC) has become increasingly widespread in response to triclosan (TCS) restrictions and the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to the increasing presence of BAC in aquatic ecosystems. However, the potential environmental health impacts of BAC on fish remain poorly explored. In this study, we show that BAC and TCS can induce the gut dysbiosis in zebrafish (Danio rerio), with substantial effects on health. Breeding pairs of adult zebrafish were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of BAC and TCS (0.4-40 mu g/L) for 42 days. Both BAC and TCS exposure perturbed the gut microbiota, triggering the classical NF-kappa B signaling pathway and resulting in downstream pathological toxicity associated with inflammatory responses, histological damage, inhibited ingestion, and decreased survival. These effects were dose-dependent and sex-specific, as female zebrafish were more susceptible than male zebrafish. Furthermore, we found that BAC induced toxicity to a greater extent than the restricted TCS at environmentally relevant concentrations, which is particularly concerning. Our results suggest that environmental exposure to antimicrobial chemicals can have ecological consequences by perturbing the gut microbiota, a previously underappreciated target of such chemicals. Rigorous ecological analysis should be conducted before widely introducing replacement antimicrobial compounds into disinfecting products.

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