Assessing the bioavailability and biotoxicity of spiromesifen and its main metabolite spiromesifen-enol (M01) reveals the defense mechanisms of earthworms (Eisenia fetida)

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Fang, Jianwei

作者： Fang, Jianwei;Fang, Kuan;Liu, Tong;Wang, Xiuguo;Wang, Binning;Yan, Saihong

作者机构：

关键词： UPLC-MS/MS; Transcriptome sequencing; SEM; TEM; Common DEGs

期刊名称：SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT （ 影响因子：10.753； 五年影响因子：10.237 ）

ISSN： 0048-9697

年卷期： 2022 年 813 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： As a promising acaricide and potentially hazardous material, the defense mechanisms of non-target organisms to its exposure are unknown. This study investigates the bioavailability and biotoxicity of spiromesifen and spiromesifen-enol (M01), its main metabolite, in Eisenia fetida. The results showed that MO) was more persistent in the soil environment and E. fetida than spiromesifen. Transcriptome analysis indicated that the spiromesifen- and M01-induced differentially expressed genes (DF.Gs) were mainly enriched in lysasomal and phagosomal pathways. Analysis of the key common DEGs showed that both spiromesifen and M01 significantly influenced the lysosomes, phagosomes, antioxidant systems, and detoxification systems. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that spiromesifen and M01 damaged E. fetida epidermis and enhanced lysosomal and phagosomal activities. Significant oxidative stress effects were observed at the end of exposure. The hydroxyl free radical (center dot OH-) content and neutral red retention time (NRRT) could serve as sensitive early biomarkers to predict their pollution. These results revealed the synergistic effects of the epidermis, lysosomes, phagosomes, antioxidant systems, and detoxification system in resisting spiromesifen- and M01-induced damage, which could contribute to the defense mechanisms of non-target organisms against these pollutants.

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