Density-dependent prophylaxis in crowded Beet Webworm, Loxostege sticticalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae to a parasitoid and a fungal pathogen

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Kong, Hailong

作者： Kong, Hailong;Cheng, Yunxia;Luo, Lizhi;Jiang, Xingfu;Zhang, Lei;Sappington, Thomas W.

作者机构：

关键词： antibacterial activity;density-dependent prophylaxis;larval density;Loxostege sticticalis;phase polyphenism;phenoloxidase

期刊名称：INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEST MANAGEMENT （ 影响因子：1.907； 五年影响因子：1.849 ）

ISSN： 0967-0874

年卷期： 2013 年 59 卷 3 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Transmission of parasites and pathogens is generally positively density-dependent: as an insect population's density increases, the risk of an individual becoming attacked or infected also increases. In some insect species, individuals experiencing crowded conditions are more resistant to natural enemies than those experiencing low density conditions, and they are predicted to divert resources to increase resistance. This phenomenon is called density-dependent prophylaxis. Here, possible expression of prophylaxis in fifth-instar larvae of Beet Webworm, Loxostege sticticalis, to biocontrol agents was investigated under rearing densities of 1, 10, and 30 larvae per jar (650mL). Larvae reared at the moderate density and those reared in isolation displayed the greatest and lowest resistance, respectively, to an entomopathogenic fungus and a parasitoid. Moreover, larvae from the moderate density treatment exhibited elevated phenoloxidase, total haemocyte count and antibacterial activity in the haemolymph, whereas phenoloxidase levels in the midgut were not affected. The results suggest that larval rearing density significantly affects the immune system, and they provide evidence for density-dependent prophylaxis of larval L. sticticalis against its biocontrol agents. These results have implications for understanding the population dynamics and biocontrol of beet webworm.

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