Excessive nitrogen application decreases grain yield and increases nitrogen loss in a wheat-soil system

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Wang, Dong

作者： Wang, Dong;Xu, Zhenzhu;Zhao, Junye;Wang, Yuefu;Yu, Zhenwen;Xu, Zhenzhu;Zhao, Junye;Wang, Yuefu

作者机构：

关键词： Basal and topdressing (15)N;highly yielding farmlands;N use efficiency;nitrogen uptake;Soil N dynamics;winter wheat

期刊名称：ACTA AGRICULTURAE SCANDINAVICA SECTION B-SOIL AND PLANT SCIENCE （ 影响因子：1.694； 五年影响因子：1.568 ）

ISSN： 0906-4710

年卷期： 2011 年 61 卷 8 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Excessive use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in wheat fields has led to elevated NO(3)-N concentrations in groundwater and reduced N use efficiency. Three-year field and (15)N tracing experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of N application rates on N uptake from basal and topdressing (15)N, N use efficiency, and grain yield in winter wheat plants; and determine the dynamics of N derived from both basal and topdressing (15)N in soil in high-yielding fields. The results showed that 69.5 +/- 84.5% of N accumulated in wheat plants derived from soil, while 6.0 +/- 12.5% and 9.2 +/- 18.1% derived from basal (15)N and top (15)N fertilizer, respectively. The basal N fertilizer recovery averaged 33.9% in plants, residual averaged 59.2% in 0 +/- 200 cm depth soil; the topdressing N fertilizer recovery averaged 50.5% in plants, residual averaged 48.2% in 0 +/- 200 cm soil. More top (15)N was accumulated in plants and more remained in 0 +/- 100 cm soil rather than in 100 +/- 200 cm soil at maturity, compared with the basal (15)N. However, during the period from pre-sowing to pre-wintering, the soil nitrate moved down to deeper layers, and most accumulated in the layers below 140 cm. With an increase of N fertilizer rate, the proportion of the N derived from soil in plants decreased, but that derived from basal and topdressing fertilizer increased; the proportion of basal and top (15)N recovery in plants decreased, and that of residual in soil increased. A moderate application rate of 96 +/- 168 kg N ha(-1) led to increases in nitrate content in 0 +/- 60 cm soil layer, N uptake amount, grain yield and apparent recovery fraction of applied fertilizer N in wheat. Applying above 240 kg N ha(-1) promoted the downward movement of basal and top (15)N and soil nitrate, but had no significant effect on N uptake amount; the excessive N application also obviously decreased the grain yield, N uptake efficiency, apparent recovery fraction of applied fertilizer N, physiological efficiency and internal N use efficiency. It is suggested that the appropriate application rate of nitrogen on a high-yielding wheat field was 96 +/- 168 kg N ha(-1).

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