Effects of TCPP and TCEP exposure on human corneal epithelial cells: Oxidative damage, cell cycle arrest, and pyroptosis

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Zhang, Zhen-Ning

作者： Zhang, Zhen-Ning;Cui, Dao-Lei;Xiang, Ping;Zheng, Qin-Xiang;Chen, Wei;Bi, Jue;Liu, Hai

作者机构：

关键词： Human corneal epithelial cells; Organophosphorus flame retardants; Oxidative damage; Cell cycle arrest; Pyroptosis

期刊名称：CHEMOSPHERE （ 影响因子：8.8； 五年影响因子：8.3 ）

ISSN： 0045-6535

年卷期： 2023 年 331 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) and Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) are the widely used organophosphorus flame retardants indoors and easily accessible to the eyes as the common adhesive compo-nents of dust and particle matter, however, hardly any evidence has demonstrated their corneal toxicity. In this study, the adverse effects of TCPP, TCEP, and TCPP + TCEP exposure on human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) were investigated. The cell viability and morphology, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell cycle, and the expressions of cell cycle and pyroptosis-related genes were assessed to explain the underlying mechanisms. Compared to individual exposure, co-exposure to TCPP20+TCEP20 showed higher cytotoxicity with a sharp decrease of >30% in viability and more serious oxidative damage by increasing ROS production to 110.92% compared to the control group. Furthermore, the cell cycle arrested at the S phase (36.20%) was observed after combined treatment, evidenced by the upregulation of cyclin D1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, p21, and p27. Interestingly, pyroptosis-related genes GSDMD, Caspase-1, NLRP3, IL-1 beta, IL-18, NLRP1, and NLRC4 expressions were promoted with cell swelling and glowing morphology. Oxidative stress and cell cycle arrest probably acted as a key role in TCPP20+TCEP20-induced cytotoxicity and pyroptosis in HCECs. Our results suggested that TCPP20+TCEP20 co-exposure induced severer corneal damage, further illustrating its significance in estimating indoor health hazards to humans.

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