Combined Impacts of Acute Heat Stress on the Histology, Antioxidant Activity, Immunity, and Intestinal Microbiota of Wild Female Burbot (Lota Lota) in Winter: New Insights into Heat Sensitivity in Extremely Hardy Fish

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Zhai, Cunhua

作者： Zhai, Cunhua;Li, Yutao;Wang, Ruoyu;Han, Haoxiang;Zhang, Ying;Ma, Bo;Zhai, Cunhua;Han, Haoxiang;Ma, Bo;Li, Yutao;Wang, Ruoyu;Zhang, Ying

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关键词： lota lota; heat stress; antioxidant; immune; apoptosis; microbiomics

期刊名称：ANTIOXIDANTS （ 影响因子：6.6； 五年影响因子：7.3 ）

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年卷期： 2025 年 14 卷 8 期

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： Temperature fluctuations caused by climate change and global warming pose a threat to fish. The burbot (lota lota) population is particularly sensitive to increased water temperature, but the systematic impacts of high-temperature exposure on their liver and intestinal health remain unclear. In January of 2025, we collected wild adult burbot individuals from the Ussuri River (water temperature: about 2 degrees C), China. The burbot were exposed to 2 degrees C, 7 degrees C, 12 degrees C, 17 degrees C, and 22 degrees C environments for 96 h; then, the liver and intestinal contents were subsequently collected for histopathology observation, immunohistochemistry, biochemical index assessment, and transcriptome/16S rDNA sequencing analysis. There was obvious liver damage including hepatocyte necrosis, fat vacuoles, and cellular peripheral nuclei. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were elevated and subsequently decreased. Additionally, the malondialdehyde (MDA) level significantly increased with increasing temperature. These results indicate that 7 degrees C (heat stress temperature), 12 degrees C (tipping point for normal physiological metabolism status), 17 degrees C (tipping point for individual deaths), and 22 degrees C (thermal limit) are critical temperatures in terms of the physiological response of burbot during their breeding period. In the hepatic transcriptome profiling, 6538 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, while KEGG enrichment analysis showed that high-temperature stress could affect normal liver function by regulating energy metabolism, immune, and apoptosis-related pathways. Microbiomics also revealed that acute heat stress could change the intestinal microbe community structure. Additionally, correlation analysis suggested potential regulatory relationships between intestinal microbe taxa and immune/apoptosis-related DEGs in the liver. This study revealed the potential impact of environmental water temperature changes in cold habitats in winter on the physiological adaptability of burbot during the breeding period and provides new insights for the ecological protection of burbot in the context of global climate change and habitat warming.

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