Effects of genetic and environmental factors on variations of seed heteromorphism in Suaeda aralocaspica

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Cao, Jing

作者： Cao, Jing;Chen, Ling;Wang, Juan;Xing, Jiajia;Lv, Xiuyun;Maimaitijiang, Tayier;Lan, Haiyan;Wang, Juan

作者机构：

关键词： Germination; heterospermy; internal and external factor; seed ontogeny; Suaeda aralocaspica

期刊名称：AOB PLANTS （ 影响因子：3.276； 五年影响因子：3.496 ）

ISSN： 2041-2851

年卷期： 2020 年 12 卷 5 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Seed heteromorphism is an adaptive strategy towards adversity in many halophytes. However, the underlying mechanisms and ecological significance of seed heteromorphism have not been deeply explored. Using Suaeda aralocaspica, a typical C-4 annual halophyte without Kranz anatomy, we studied seed morphology, differentiation of morphs and fruit-setting patterns, and correlated these traits with germination responses, seed characteristics and heteromorphic seed ratio. To elucidate the genetic basis of seed heteromorphism, we analysed correlated patterns of gene expression for seed development-related genes as well. We observed that S. aralocaspica produced three types of seed morph: brown, large black and small black with differences in colour, size, mass and germination behaviour; the latter two were further distinguished by their origin in female or bisexual flowers, respectively. Further analysis revealed that seed heteromorphism was associated with genetic aspects including seed positioning, seed coat differentiation and seed developmental gene expression, while variations in seed heteromorphism may be associated with environmental conditions, e.g. annual precipitation, temperature, daylight and their monthly distribution in different calendar years. Seed heteromorphism and its variations in S. aralocaspica show multilevel regulation of the bet-hedging strategy that influences phenotypic plasticity, which is a consequence of internal genetic and external environmental factor interaction. Our findings contribute to the understanding of seed heteromorphism as a potential adaptive trait of desert plant species.

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