Fate of nitrogen in agriculture and environment: agronomic, eco-physiological and molecular approaches to improve nitrogen use efficiency

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Anas, Muhammad

作者： Anas, Muhammad;Mahmood, Aamir;Li, Qiang;Zeng, Xu-Peng;Li, Yang-Rui;Anas, Muhammad;Liao, Fen;Verma, Krishan K.;Chen, Zhong-Liang;Li, Yang-Rui;Sarwar, Muhammad Aqeel;Liu, Yang

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关键词： Nitrogen use efficiency; Assimilation; Nitrate; Ammonium; Enzyme; Fertilizer

期刊名称：BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH （ 影响因子：5.612； 五年影响因子：4.781 ）

ISSN： 0716-9760

年卷期： 2020 年 53 卷 1 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Nitrogen is the main limiting nutrient after carbon, hydrogen and oxygen for photosynthetic process, phyto-hormonal, proteomic changes and growth-development of plants to complete its lifecycle. Excessive and inefficient use of N fertilizer results in enhanced crop production costs and atmospheric pollution. Atmospheric nitrogen (71%) in the molecular form is not available for the plants. For world's sustainable food production and atmospheric benefits, there is an urgent need to up-grade nitrogen use efficiency in agricultural farming system. The nitrogen use efficiency is the product of nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency, it varies from 30.2 to 53.2%. Nitrogen losses are too high, due to excess amount, low plant population, poor application methods etc., which can go up to 70% of total available nitrogen. These losses can be minimized up to 15-30% by adopting improved agronomic approaches such as optimal dosage of nitrogen, application of N by using canopy sensors, maintaining plant population, drip fertigation and legume based intercropping. A few transgenic studies have shown improvement in nitrogen uptake and even increase in biomass. Nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase and asparagine synthetase enzyme have a great role in nitrogen metabolism. However, further studies on carbon-nitrogen metabolism and molecular changes at omic levels are required by using "whole genome sequencing technology" to improve nitrogen use efficiency. This review focus on nitrogen use efficiency that is the major concern of modern days to save economic resources without sacrificing farm yield as well as safety of global environment, i.e. greenhouse gas emissions, ammonium volatilization and nitrate leaching.

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