Climate Variability and Fish Community Dynamics: Impacts of La Niña Events on the Continental Shelf of the Northern South China Sea

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Liu, Zikai

作者： Liu, Zikai;Li, Jiajun;Zhang, Junyi;Chen, Zuozhi;Zhang, Kui;Liu, Zikai;Zhang, Junyi;Li, Jiajun;Chen, Zuozhi;Zhang, Kui;Li, Jiajun;Chen, Zuozhi;Zhang, Kui

作者机构：

关键词： La Ni & ntilde;a conditions; fish community structure; species distribution models; climate change; fish diversity; South China Sea

期刊名称：JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING （ 影响因子：2.8； 五年影响因子：2.8 ）

ISSN：

年卷期： 2025 年 13 卷 3 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： This study investigates the impacts of climate variability, particularly La Ni & ntilde;a events, on the fish community on the continental shelf of the northern South China Sea, a region highly sensitive to environmental fluctuations. Historical fishery survey data, collected from autumn 2019 to autumn 2022, were used to analyze changes in species composition, diversity indices, and community structure during La Ni & ntilde;a and non-La Ni & ntilde;a periods. The results show that La Ni & ntilde;a significantly altered the fish community dynamics. During La Ni & ntilde;a, cold-water conditions expanded the range of suitable habitats for cold-water species, leading to increased dominance of the Japanese scad (Decapterus maruadsi), with its index of relative importance (IRI) reaching 1795.9 and 1320.2 in autumn 2021 and 2022, respectively. In contrast, warm-water species experienced a reduction in suitable habitats. During La Ni & ntilde;a, Margalef's richness index (D') peaked at 23.18 in autumn 2021 but decreased to 20.69 by spring 2022. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') dropped from 2.597 during a non-La Ni & ntilde;a period (spring 2020) to 2.406 during La Ni & ntilde;a (spring 2022); similarly, Pielou's evenness index fell from 0.4749 to 0.4396, indicating an increase in ecological imbalance. As La Ni & ntilde;a conditions weakened, the fish community began to recover. By autumn 2022, D' had risen to 22.73 and H' to 2.573, reflecting a gradual return to fish community conditions before the La Ni & ntilde;a event. Species distribution models incorporating key environmental variables (i.e., sea surface temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen) demonstrated that the habitat of D. maruadsi expanded significantly during La Ni & ntilde;a and contracted during post-event periods. Our findings highlight the ecological sensitivity of fish communities to climate variability and underscore the importance of adaptive resource management strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems. This research provides valuable insights for sustaining regional fishery resources under changing environmental conditions.

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