Long-Read Genome Sequencing Provides Molecular Insights into Scavenging and Societal Complexity in Spotted Hyena Crocuta crocuta

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Shao, Yong

作者： Shao, Yong;Wang, Sheng;Zhang, Bao-Lin;Yang, Min-Min;Onsongo, Violet Magoma;Wu, Dong-Dong;Wang, Xiao-Bo;Ruan, Jue;Wang, Xiao-Bo;Zhang, Mei-Ling;Liu, Yan;Yang, Ming-Hai;Jia, Ting;Pu, Tian-Chun;Lu, Yan;Liu, He;Xu, Zhe;Li, Bo;Liu, Ning;Zhang, Cheng-Lin;Li, Yan

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关键词： spotted hyena; long-read genome; social complexity; immune tolerance

期刊名称：MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION （ 影响因子：8.8； 五年影响因子：20.074 ）

ISSN： 0737-4038

年卷期： 2022 年 39 卷 3 期

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： The spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) is a large and unique terrestrial carnivore. It is a particularly fascinating species due to its distinct phenotypic traits, especially its complex social structure and scavenging lifestyle, with associated high dietary exposure to microbial pathogens. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms related to these phenotypes remain elusive. Here, we sequenced and assembled a high-quality long-read genome of the spotted hyena, with a contig N50 length of similar to 13.75 Mb. Based on comparative genomics, immunoglobulin family members (e.g., IGKV4-1) showed significant adaptive duplications in the spotted hyena and striped hyena. Furthermore, immune-related genes (e.g., CD8A, LAG3, and TLR3) experienced species-specific positive selection in the spotted hyena lineage. These results suggest that immune tolerance between the spotted hyena and closely related striped hyena has undergone adaptive divergence to cope with prolonged dietary exposure to microbial pathogens from scavenging. Furthermore, we provided the potential genetic insights underlying social complexity, hinting at social behavior and cognition. Specifically, the RECNE-associated genes (e.g., UGP2 and ACTR2) in the spotted hyena genome are involved in regulation of social communication. Taken together, our genomic analyses provide molecular insights into the scavenging lifestyle and societal complexity of spotted hyenas.

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