Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Cerebral Toxoplasmosis

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Elsheikha, Hany M.

作者： Elsheikha, Hany M.;Marra, Christina M.;Marra, Christina M.;Zhu, Xing-Quan;Zhu, Xing-Quan

作者机构：

关键词： Toxoplasma gondii; toxoplasmic encephalitis; immunocompromised patients; pathophysiology; diagnosis; treatment; cerebral toxoplasmosis

期刊名称：CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS （ 影响因子：50.129； 五年影响因子：41.09 ）

ISSN： 0893-8512

年卷期： 2020 年 34 卷 1 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Toxoplasma gondii is known to infect a considerable number of mam-malian and avian species and a substantial proportion of the world's human popula-tion. The parasite has an impressive ability to disseminate within the host's body and employs various tactics to overcome the highly regulatory blood-brain barrier and reside in the brain. In healthy individuals, T. gondii infection is largely tolerated without any obvious ill effects. However, primary infection in immunosuppressed patients can result in acute cerebral or systemic disease, and reactivation of latent tissue cysts can lead to a deadly outcome. It is imperative that treatment of life-threatening toxoplasmic encephalitis is timely and effective. Several therapeutic and prophylactic regimens have been used in clinical practice. Current approaches can control infection caused by the invasive and highly proliferative tachyzoites but cannot eliminate the dormant tissue cysts. Adverse events and other limitations are associated with the standard pyrimethamine-based therapy, and effective vaccines are unavailable. In this review, the epidemiology, economic impact, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of cerebral toxoplasmosis are discussed, and critical areas for future research are highlighted.

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