Helminth reshapes host gut microbiota and immunoregulation by deploying an antimicrobial program of innate immunity

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Zou, Yang

作者： Zou, Yang;Pu, Lixia;Guo, Aijiang;Li, Yaqi;Liu, Yihui;Wang, Yugui;Ding, Yingying;Du, Xiaowei;Guo, Xiaola;Zhang, Shaohua;Cai, Xuepeng;Wang, Shuai;Zou, Yang;Pu, Lixia;Guo, Aijiang;Guo, Xiaola;Zhang, Shaohua;Cai, Xuepeng;Wang, Shuai

作者机构：

关键词： Helminths; gut microbiota; macrophages; immunoregulation

期刊名称：GUT MICROBES （ 影响因子：11.0； 五年影响因子：13.4 ）

ISSN： 1949-0976

年卷期： 2025 年 17 卷 1 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Helminths can manipulate their host's gut microbiota, with the expansion of the lactobacilli population being a common feature. This process profoundly influences host immunoregulation, yet the underlying mechanisms remain almost unknown. Using a tissue-dwelling helminth model (larval Echinococcus multilocularis) while validating key findings from other helminth infections, we show that helminths harness the antibacterial program of host innate immunity to transform the host gut microbiome and control gut microbiota-mediated immunity. Using multifaceted techniques, we elucidate that cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP), derived from the expanded CD11b+CD206+ macrophages rather than the intestinal epithelial cells, is the key component that enters into the gut ecological system and enhances the fitness of Lactobacillus by selectively killing gram-negative microbes like enterobacteria. Furthermore, through in vitro cell culturing and in vivo dietary intervention experiments, we demonstrate that this regulation from innate immunity is boosted via toll-like receptor signaling by helminth's secretory products, which could be sufficiently tuned down by dietary vitamin D through its receptor and cyp27b1. Importantly, using microbiota-targeted treatment methods, we prove that this signaling bolsters gut microbiota-mediated host intestinal Foxp3+ Treg cell expansion and parasite survival and that therapies targeting this signaling are effective in treating infection. We outline a dietary micronutrient-dependent mechanism by which helminths leverage host innate immunity to edit the host gut microbiome and thereby control immunosuppression precisely.

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