Genome-Wide Mining of the Tandem Duplicated Type III Polyketide Synthases and Their Expression, Structure Analysis of Senna tora

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Cai, Zeping

作者： Cai, Zeping;Fang, Ting;Zhao, Xingkun;Zhou, Chaoye;Zhao, Xingkun;Zhou, Chaoye;Liu, Guodao;Luo, Jiajia

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关键词： chalcone synthase-like gene; expression and structure analysis; Senna tora; tandem duplication; type III polyketide synthase

期刊名称：INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES （ 影响因子：5.6； 五年影响因子：6.2 ）

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年卷期： 2023 年 24 卷 5 期

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： Senna tora is one of the homologous crops used as a medicinal food containing an abundance of anthraquinones. Type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) are key enzymes that catalyze polyketide formation; in particular, the chalcone synthase-like (CHS-L) genes are involved in anthraquinone production. Tandem duplication is a fundamental mechanism for gene family expansion. However, the analysis of the tandem duplicated genes (TDGs) and the identification and characterization of PKSs have not been reported for S. tora. Herein, we identified 3087 TDGs in the S. tora genome; the synonymous substitution rates (Ks) analysis indicated that the TDGs had recently undergone duplication. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the type III PKSs were the most enriched TDGs involved in the biosynthesis of the secondary metabolite pathways, as evidenced by 14 tandem duplicated CHS-L genes. Subsequently, we identified 30 type III PKSs with complete sequences in the S. tora genome. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, the type III PKSs were classified into three groups. The protein conserved motifs and key active residues showed similar patterns in the same group. The transcriptome analysis showed that the chalcone synthase (CHS) genes were more highly expressed in the leaves than in the seeds in S. tora. The transcriptome and qRT-PCR analysis showed that the CHS-L genes had a higher expression in the seeds than in other tissues, particularly seven tandem duplicated CHS-L2/3/5/6/9/10/13 genes. The key active-site residues and three-dimensional models of the CHS-L2/3/5/6/9/10/13 proteins showed slight variation. These results indicated that the rich anthraquinones in S. tora seeds might be ascribed to the PKSs' expansion from tandem duplication, and the seven key CHS-L2/3/5/6/9/10/13 genes provide candidate genes for further research. Our study provides an important basis for further research on the regulation of anthraquinones' biosynthesis in S. tora.

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