Characterization and Expression Profiling of Orphan Genes in Rapeseed (Brassica napus) Provide Insights into Tissue Development and Cold Stress Adaptation

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Lang, Hong

作者： Lang, Hong;Wang, Baofeng;Li, Kexin;Jiang, Mingliang;Zhang, Yuting

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关键词： comparative genomics; rapeseed; orphan genes; tissue-specific expression; stress-responsive genes; cold stress adaptation

期刊名称：HORTICULTURAE （ 影响因子：3.0； 五年影响因子：3.2 ）

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年卷期： 2025 年 11 卷 7 期

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收录情况： SCI

摘要： Orphan genes (OGs) lack homologs in related species and have been associated with adaptive evolution. However, it is poorly characterized in Brassica napus (rapeseed). This study aims to identify and characterize OGs in rapeseed to evaluate their association with stress adaptation and lineage-specific traits. Through comprehensive comparative genomics analysis, all rapeseed genes were categorized into four distinct evolutionary classes. Furthermore, bioinformatics analyses were carried out to evaluate the structural, evolutionary, and expression dynamics, which were further validated by qRT-PCR analysis of different tissues and in cold stress. In total, 4 B. napus OGs (BnaOGs), 2859 Brassica-specific genes (BSGs), 9650 Cruciferae-specific genes (CSGs), and 94,720 evolutionarily conserved genes (ECGs) were identified. BnaOGs and BSGs indicated shorter sequences, higher GC content, fewer transcription factors, and limited functional annotation compared to ECGs. Similarly, transcriptomic analysis determined the tissue-specific and stress-responsive expression patterns in BnaOGs and BSGs. qRT-PCR validation revealed four BnaOGs and five BSGs from different tissue-specific and cold-responsive expression modules in rapeseed. Overall, this study identified OGs associated with lineage-specific adaptation in rapeseed, potentially related to cold tolerance and phenotypic diversity. The identified expression patterns and structural divergence provide novel insights for breeding stress-resilient varieties.

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