Humic acid complex formation with urea alters its structure and enhances biomass production in hydroponic maize

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Jing, Jianyuay

作者： Jing, Jianyuay;Zhang, Shuiqin;Yuan, Liang;Li, Yanting;Zhang, Yingqiang;Wen, Yanchen;Zhao, Bingqiang

作者机构：

关键词： humic acid complex formation with urea; humic acid enhanced urea; structure; maize; biomass

期刊名称：JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE （ 影响因子：4.125； 五年影响因子：4.096 ）

ISSN： 0022-5142

年卷期： 2022 年 102 卷 9 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： BACKGROUND Humic acid (HA)-enhanced urea (HAU) is the top-selling efficiency-enhanced urea in China. Comprehensive investigation into the structure and efficacy of HA complex formation with urea (HACU) - the main reaction product during HAU's production - is required to clarify the reaction mechanism between HA and urea, and to provide guidance for the development of high-efficiency HAU. RESULTS HACU showed discrepant structural and compositional features from raw HA. Nitrogen (N) content in HACU was 7.3 times greater than that of HA. Several high-resolution analytical methods showed a sharp increase of ammonia in the gaseous product during HACU pyrolysis, suggesting that urea contributed N to HACU. HACU was characterized with significantly fewer carboxyl groups than in raw HA, implying that the carboxyl group was the main group in HA to participate in the reaction between HA and urea. The presence of amide-N in HACU verified the structure of the reaction product. Furthermore, both HACU and HA could enhance the biomass in hydroponically grown maize seedlings, but the highest stimulation for HACU came about when its carbon concentrations were 50-100 mg L-1, higher than the optimal carbon concentration for HA (25 mg L-1), attributed to the lower carboxyl group content for HACU to some extent. CONCLUSION During HAU's production, reaction with N derived from urea to form amide-N decreased the carboxyl groups in HA, leading to higher concentrations for HACU required to achieve the similar bioefficacy of HA. (c) 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

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