Delivery of Apoplastic Extracellular Vesicles Encapsulating Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles to Treat Citrus Canker

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Gaurav, Isha

作者： Gaurav, Isha;Iyaswamy, Ashok;Yang, Zhijun;Thakur, Abhimanyu;Zhang, Kui;Kumar, Gaurav;Long, Qin;Sidu, Rakesh Kumar;Thakur, Sudha;Sarkar, Rajesh Kumar;Kumar, Anoop;Iyaswamy, Ashok;Iyaswamy, Ashok;Yang, Zhijun

作者机构：

关键词： citrus canker; drug delivery; green synthesis; silver nanoparticles; Phyllanthus niruri; antimicrobial activity; Xanthomonas axonopodis; nirurinetin

期刊名称：NANOMATERIALS （ 影响因子：5.3； 五年影响因子：5.4 ）

ISSN：

年卷期： 2023 年 13 卷 8 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： The citrus canker pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis has caused severe damage to citrus crops worldwide, resulting in significant economic losses for the citrus industry. To address this, a green synthesis method was used to develop silver nanoparticles with the leaf extract of Phyllanthus niruri (GS-AgNP-LEPN). This method replaces the need for toxic reagents, as the LEPN acts as a reducing and capping agent. To further enhance their effectiveness, the GS-AgNP-LEPN were encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanovesicles with a diameter of approximately 30-1000 nm naturally released from different sources, including plant and mammalian cells, and found in the apoplastic fluid (APF) of leaves. When compared to a regular antibiotic (ampicillin), the delivery of APF-EV-GS-AgNP-LEPN and GS-AgNP-LEPN to X. axonopodis pv. was shown to have more significant antimicrobial activity. Our analysis showed the presence of phyllanthin and nirurinetin in the LEPN and found evidence that both could be responsible for antimicrobial activity against X. axonopodis pv. Ferredoxin-NADP(+) reductase (FAD-FNR) and the effector protein XopAI play a crucial role in the survival and virulence of X. axonopodis pv. Our molecular docking studies showed that nirurinetin could bind to FAD-FNR and XopAI with high binding energies (-10.32 kcal/mol and -6.13 kcal/mol, respectively) as compared to phyllanthin (-6.42 kcal/mol and -2.93 kcal/mol, respectively), which was also supported by the western blot experiment. We conclude that (a) the hybrid of APF-EV and GS-NP could be an effective treatment for citrus canker, and (b) it works via the nirurinetin-dependent inhibition of FAD-FNR and XopAI in X. axonopodis pv.

分类号：

  • 相关文献
作者其他论文 更多>>

微信小程序