Ubiquity and ecological risks of conjugated steroids cannot be overlooked: First evidence from estuarine sediments

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Tian, Fei

作者： Tian, Fei;Liu, Shuang-Shuang;Xiong, Qian;Tang, Zhen-Zhao;Zhang, Lin-Bao;Zhang, Zhe;Chen, Hai-Gang;Liu, Shan;Xu, Ru;Wu, Nian-Nian;Xu, Ru;Wu, Nian-Nian;Cheng, Yuan-Yue

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关键词： Steroids; Free forms; Conjugated forms; Sediments; Estuary

期刊名称：MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN （ 影响因子：4.9； 五年影响因子：5.6 ）

ISSN： 0025-326X

年卷期： 2024 年 207 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Steroids, renowned for endocrine-disrupting capabilities, have garnered significant research interest, predominantly centered on their parent forms. This study was the first to explore the composition, spatiotemporal characteristics, sources, mass inventories, and ecological risks of steroids in free and conjugated forms in estuarine sediments. Seventeen steroids were identified in sediments with the total levels of 1.3-4.3 ng/g. Most natural steroids and metabolites existed in free forms, while synthetic ones predominantly stored in conjugates. Environmental factors exerted limited impacts on steroid distribution. Raw domestic wastewater, drug consumption, and mariculture may be leading steroid sources in estuarine sediments, with total mean mass inventories of 177-219 mu g/m2. The predominant contributors to the ecological risk were cortisol, prednisolone, 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone, 20 beta-dihydroprogesterone, and progesterone. This research gives the first insight into the understanding of conjugated steroids in the marine environment, and advocates for more studies on the fate and ecotoxicology of conjugated steroids.

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