Responses of a widespread pest insect to extreme high temperatures are stage-dependent and divergent among seasonal cohorts

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Zhu, Liang

作者： Zhu, Liang;Yuan, Ming-Zhu;Ma, Chun-Sen;Armitage, David W.;Ma, Chun-Sen

作者机构：

关键词： climate change; demography; extreme high-temperature events; Grapholita molesta; lepidoptera; population growth; seasonality; temperate insects

期刊名称：FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY （ 影响因子：5.1； 五年影响因子：5.7 ）

ISSN： 0269-8463

年卷期： 2025 年 39 卷 1 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Insect populations in temperate climates can show seasonal differences in demographic rates. Extreme high-temperature events (EHTs) are increasing in frequency across all seasons. These may, in turn, disrupt insects' season-specific demographic strategies. However, whether insect populations respond to EHTs in a season-specific fashion is not known, but may be critical for forecasting their responses to climate change. We conducted a series of common garden experiments measuring the inherent vital rates of spring, summer, and autumn cohorts of a global nonmigratory pest, the oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta), under constant mild temperatures, EHT exposures at different life stages, and short-term heat hardening followed by EHT exposure at different life stages. We simultaneously conducted a 4-year survey of G. molesta in orchards to link our experimental results to observed population dynamics in the field. We encountered intrinsic variation in vital rates and reproductive traits among seasonal cohorts, such that summer cohorts had higher intrinsic population growth rates but smaller eggs than spring and autumn cohorts. Moreover, these responses varied among the life stages to which the EHT was applied. Pre-acclimation via heat hardening did not strongly affect these results but did slightly increase growth rates when applied to late-stage larvae. These results were qualitatively recovered in natural population time series, with moderate EHTs enhancing population growth in the spring and reducing it in autumn. Our results underscore the importance of climatic seasonality in shaping season-specific thermal responses to EHTs among ectotherms. Season-specific EHT responses can potentially enhance growth of weak spring cohorts and depress the growth of autumn cohorts failing in dormancy, thereby contributing to insects' annual population persistence. Our study helps clarify how a deeper understanding of season and life-stage-specific heat responses can enable a more informed forecasting and management of multivoltine insect populations under climate change.Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

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