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Responses of crop production and soil health to chemical nitrogen fertilization in a maize-wheat rotation system

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Deng, Meihua 1 ; Ma, Hua 2 ; Sadeghpour, Amir 3 ; Yang, Guiling 1 ; Hu, Yan 4 ; Yang, Dong 1 ;

作者机构： 1.Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agrprod Safety & Nutr, State Key Lab Managing Biot & Chem Threats Qual &, Hangzhou, Peoples R China

2.Ningxia Univ, Sch Agr, Yinchuan, Ningxia, Peoples R China

3.Southern Illinois Univ, Coll Agr Life & Phys Sci, Sch Agr Sci, Carbondale, IL USA

4.Minist Agr & Rural Affairs, Cultivated Land Qual Monitoring & Protect Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China

关键词： chemical fertilizer; nitrogen; maize-wheat rotation; soil acidification; soil bacterial community; soil health

期刊名称：FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE （ 影响因子：4.6； 五年影响因子：5.3 ）

ISSN：

年卷期： 2023 年 11 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizer is generally applied at high rates to maximize crop yields and also many non-grain farmlands are being converted into grain production to ensure grain production safety in China now. To test the effects of chemical N on crop production and soil health, a 3-year trial with urea and controlled-release fertilizer was conducted in a maize (Zea mays L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system shifted from vegetable farmland by evaluating the effects of N fertilization on crop yields, typical soil properties, and soil bacterial community using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The maximum crop yield and aboveground N uptake efficiency was achieved at 150 kg N ha(-1) for wheat and 200 kg N ha(-1) for maize. After three cropping seasons, the soil N properties were notably altered. For each kg of N applied, soil pH decreased at a rate of 0.0004-0.0012 pH units. The soil total N (TN) and total carbon (TC) content reached a higher stability at certain cumulative N application rates. However, the C/N ratio linearly decreased as N rate increased. Consequently, N application significantly decreased soil bacterial diversity owing to the decrease of a-diversity indexes of Shannon and Pielou_e. At the phylum level, chemical N application significantly depleted members of Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi and Nitrospirae, but the growth of Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Firmicutes and Patescibacteria were improved. Compared with urea, the controlled-release fertilizer did not significantly change crop yields, soil bacterial diversity, soil TN and TC content. Overall, our results indicated that chemical N promoted crop yields at optimum application rates, but excessive N application could result in a decline in soil health, specifically accelerated soil acidification, a decrease in soil bacterial diversity, and soil C and N imbalance.

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