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Animal farms are hot spots for airborne antimicrobial resistance

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Xin, Huibo 1 ; Gao, Min 2 ; Wang, Xuming 2 ; Qiu, Tianlei 2 ; Guo, Yajie 2 ; Zhang, Liqiu 1 ;

作者机构： 1.Beijing Forestry Univ, Engn Res Ctr Water Pollut Source Control & Ecoreme, Beijing Key Lab Source Control Technol Water Pollu, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China

2.Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Inst Biotechnol, Beijing Key Lab Agr Genet Resources & Biotechnol, Beijing 100097, Peoples R China

关键词： Animal farms; Airborne antimicrobial resistance; Mobile genetic elements; Human pathogenic bacteria; Inhaled exposure

期刊名称：SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT （ 影响因子：10.753； 五年影响因子：10.237 ）

ISSN： 0048-9697

年卷期： 2022 年 851 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Animal farms are known reservoirs for environmental antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, knowledge of AMR burden in the air around animal farms remains disproportionately limited. In this study, we characterized the airborne AMR based on the quantitative information of 30 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), four mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and four human pathogenic bacteria (HPBs) involving four animal species from 20 farms. By comparing these genes with those in animal feces, the distinguishing features of airborne AMR were revealed, which included high enrichment of ARGs and their potential mobility to host HPBs. We found that depending on the antimicrobial class, the mean concentration of airborne ARGs in the animal farms ranged from 102 to 104 copies/m3 and was accompanied by a considerable intensity of MGEs and HPBs (approximately 103 copies/m3). Although significant correlations were observed between the ARGs and bacterial communities of air and fecal samples, the abundance of target genes was generally high in fine inhalable particles (PM2.5), with an enrichment ratio of up to 102 in swine and cattle farms. The potential transferability of airborne ARGs was universally strengthened, embodied by a pronounced co-occurrence of ARGs-MGEs in air compared with that in feces. Exposure analysis showed that animal farmworkers may inhale approximately 104 copies of human pathogenic bacteria-associated genera per day potentially carrying highly transferable ARGs, including multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, PM2.5 inhalation posed higher human daily intake burdens of some ARGs than those associated with drinking water intake. Overall, our findings highlight the severity of animal-related airborne AMR and the subsequent inhalation exposure, thus improving our understanding of the airborne flow of AMR genes from animals to humans. These findings could help develop strategies to mitigate the human exposure and dissemination of ARGs across different media.

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