Combined effects of four pesticides and heavy metal chromium (VI) on the earthworm using avoidance behavior as an endpoint
文献类型： 外文期刊
作者： Yang, Guiling 1 ; Chen, Chen 2 ; Yu, Yijun 3 ; Zhao, Huiyu 1 ; Wang, Wen 1 ; Wang, Yanhua 1 ; Cai, Leiming 1 ; He, Yuepin 1 ;
作者机构： 1.Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci, State Key Lab Breeding Base Zhejiang Sustainable, Lab Hangzhou Risk Assessment Agr Prod,Minist Agr, Key Lab Pesticide Residue Detect,Inst Qual & Stan, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
2.Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Key Lab Agroprod Qual & Safety, Inst Qual Stand & Testing Technol Agroprod, Minist Agr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China
3.Adm Farmland Qual & Fertilizer Zhejiang Prov, Hangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, Peoples R China
4.Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Plant Sci & Technol, Hubei Insect Resources Utilisat & Sustainable Pes, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China
关键词： Soil ecotoxicology; Clothianidin; Mixture toxicity; Soil invertebrate
期刊名称：ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY （ 影响因子：6.291； 五年影响因子：6.393 ）
ISSN： 0147-6513
年卷期： 2018 年 157 卷
页码：
收录情况： SCI
摘要： In natural ecosystems, organisms are commonly exposed to chemical mixtures rather than individual compounds. However, environmental risk is traditionally assessed based on data of individual compounds. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the individual and combined effects of four pesticides [fenobucarb (FEN), chlorpyrifos (CPF), clothianidin (CLO), acetochlor (ACE)] and one heavy metal chromium [Cr(VI)] on the earthworm (Eisenia fetida) using avoidance behavior as an endpoint. Our results indicated that CLO had the highest toxicity to E. fetida, followed by Cr(VI), while FEN showed the least toxicity. Two mixtures of CPF + CLO and Cr(VI) + CPF + CLO + ACE exhibited synergistic effects on the earthworms. The other two quaternary mixtures of CLO + FEN + ACE + Cr(VI) and Cr(VI) + FEN + CPF + ACE at low concentrations also displayed synergistic effects on the earthworms. In contrast, the mixture of Cr(VI) + FEN had the strongest antagonistic effects on E. fetida. Besides, the quinquenary mixture of Cr(VI) +FEN + CPF + CLO + ACE also exerted antagonistic effects. These findings highlighted the importance to evaluate chemical mixtures. Moreover, our data strongly pointed out that the avoidance tests could be used to assess the effects of combined effects.
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