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Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses uncover differential regulation of oleic acid synthesis in oil palm varieties with different shell types

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Xu, Wen 1 ; Li, Xinyu 1 ; Martin, Jerome Jeyakumar John 1 ; Song, Fei 1 ; Liu, Xiaoyu 1 ; Zhou, Lixia 1 ; Li, Rui 1 ; Fu, Dengqiang 1 ; Li, Qihong 1 ; Ye, Jianqiu 1 ; Cao, Hongxing 1 ;

作者机构： 1.Chinese Acad Trop Agr Sci, Natl Key Lab Trop Crop Breeding, Haikou 571101, Peoples R China

2.Chinese Acad Trop Agr Sci, Coconut Res Inst, Wenchang 571339, Peoples R China

3.Yunnan Agr Univ, Coll Trop Crops, Puer 665000, Peoples R China

关键词： Oil palm; Oleic acid biosynthesis; Differential mechanisms; Transcriptome; Metabolite

期刊名称：LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY （ 影响因子：6.6； 五年影响因子：6.9 ）

ISSN： 0023-6438

年卷期： 2025 年 225 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： This study investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying differential oleic acid accumulation in seedless and thin-shelled oil palm varieties. Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) oil is the most efficient oil producing crop worldwide. Palm oil derived from the fruit mesocrap, contains approximately 37.70 % oleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid with high oxidative stability that contributes to cardiovascular health. The increasing market demand for vegetable oils with high oleic acid content necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating its biosynthesis. However, the factors underlying the differential accumulation of oleic acid in oil palm varieties with distinct shell types remain largely unexplored. Notably, seedless varieties accumulate 53.74 % oleic acid, while thin-shelled varieties contain only 35.97 %. To elucidate these differences, we integrated LC-MS/MS metabolomics and RNA-Seq transcriptomics to analyze mesocarp tissue from seedless (MS) and thin-shelled (MT) fruits at three developmental stages (95, 125, and 185 days post-pollination). Key enzyme-encoding genes involved in oleic acid biosynthesis were identified and quantified. Metabolomic analysis confirmed that oleic acid as the predominant unsaturated fatty acid in both varieties with its concentration progressively increasing throughout the fruit development and reaching a maximum at the late stage of development. The substantial accumulation of oleic acid during the middle stage of development was associated with the elevated expression of KASII, SAD, FabD, LACS4, LACS6, ACC, FATB, and FabI in seedless varieties. In thinshelled varieties, KASII and SAD exhibited significant expression, along with LACS4, ACC, FATB, FabB, FabI, and FabD. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the expression levels of KASIII, SAD, FabD, LACS4, LACS6, ACC, FATB, and FabI were positively associated with oleic acid content, whereas LACS9 exhibited a negative correlation. These findings provide deeper insights into the genetic regulation of oleic acid biosynthesis in oil palm. Moreover, the results establish a scientific foundation for breeding programs focused on developing oil palm varieties with elevated oleic acid content to meet the growing demand for high-quality vegetable oils.

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