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Gender-Specific Toxic Effects of S-Metolachlor and Its Metabolite on Hibernating Lizards: Implications for Reproductive Health and Ecosystem Vulnerability

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Chen, Li 1 ; Diao, Jinling 1 ; Tian, Zhongnan 1 ; Wang, Dezhen 1 ; Zhang, Wenjun 1 ; Zhang, Luyao 1 ; Wang, Zikang 1 ; Zhou, Zhiqiang 1 ; Di, Shanshan 1 ;

作者机构： 1.China Agr Univ, Dept Appl Chem, Yuanmingyuan West Rd 2, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China

2.Ohio State Univ, Dept Human Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

3.Minist Ecol & Environm, Inst Environm Reference Mat, Environm Dev Ctr, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China

4.Hohai Univ, Coll Environm, Key Lab Integrated Regulat Resources Dev Shallow L, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China

5.Shanxi Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Food & Biol Engn, Xian 710021, Peoples R China

6.Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci, Inst Agroprod Safety & Nutr, State Key Lab Managing Biot & Chem Threats Qual &, Key Lab Detect Pesticide Residues & Control Zhejia, Hangzhou 310021, Peoples R China

关键词： hibernation; reptile; pesticide; soil; reproduction

期刊名称：TOXICS （ 影响因子：4.1； 五年影响因子：4.6 ）

ISSN：

年卷期： 2024 年 12 卷 11 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Reptiles rely on hibernation to survive harsh winters, but climate change and pesticide use in agriculture jeopardize their survival, making the ecosystem vulnerable. S-metolachlor (SM), a commonly found herbicide in soil, and its metabolite metolachlor oxanilic acid (MO) induce oxidative stress and disrupt reproductive hormones. In this study, lizards were exposed to SM- and MO-contaminated soil for 45 days during hibernation. Weight loss and deaths occurred at the beginning of hibernation in all groups. Furthermore, the exposure group experienced severe oxidative stress and damage in the liver, kidney, heart, gonad, and brain. The testosterone levels significantly decreased in male lizards in both the SM and MO groups, whereas estradiol levels increased significantly in female lizards in the SM group. Gender-specific expression of steroidogenic-related genes in the brains and gonads of lizards was observed. Histological analysis revealed toxic effects induced by both SM and MO in vital organs during hibernation. Moreover, MO induced more severe reproductive toxicity in male lizards during hibernation. Therefore, this study suggests gender-specific toxic effects were observed in hibernating lizards exposed to SM and MO, underscoring the importance of vigilant monitoring of pesticide application in agriculture and assessing the potential harm of its metabolites.

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