Worldwide forest surveys reveal forty-three new species in Phytophthora major Clade 2 with fundamental implications for the evolution and biogeography of the genus and global plant biosecurity
文献类型： 外文期刊
作者： Jung, T. 1 ; Milenkovic, I 1 ; Balci, Y. 4 ; Janousek, J. 1 ; Kudlacek, T. 1 ; Nagy, Z. A. 1 ; Baharuddin, B. 7 ; Bakonyi, J. 8 ; Broders, K. D. 9 ; Cacciola, S. O. 11 ; Chang, T. -T. 1 ; Chi, N. M. 13 ; Corcobado, T. 1 ; Cravador, A. 14 ; Dordevic, B. 1 ; Duran, A. 16 ; Ferreira, M. 17 ; Fu, C. -H. 12 ; Garcia, L. 18 ; Hieno, A. 19 ; Ho, H. -H. 3 ; Hong, C. 21 ; Junaid, M. 7 ; Kageyama, K. 19 ; Kuswinanti, T. 7 ; Maia, C. 22 ; Majek, T. 1 ; Masuya, H. 23 ; Lio, G. Magnano di San 24 ; Mendieta-Araica, B. 18 ; Nasri, N. 25 ; Oliveira, L. S. S. 26 ; Pane, A. 11 ; Perez-Sierra, A. 27 ; Rosmana, A. 7 ; von Stowasser, E. Sanfuentes 28 ; Scanu, B. 29 ; Singh, R. 17 ; Stanivukovic, Z. 30 ; Tarigan, M. 16 ; Thu, P. Q. 13 ; Tomic, Z. 31 ; Tomsovsky, M. 1 ; Uematsu, S. 32 ; Webber, J. F. 1 ; Zeng, H. -C. 3 ; Zheng, F. -C. 1 ; Brasier, C. M. 27 ; Jung, M. Horta 1 ;
作者机构： 1.Mendel Univ Brno, Fac Forestry & Wood Technol, Phytophthora Res Ctr, Dept Forest Protect & Wildlife Management, Brno 61300, Czech Republic
2.Phytophthora Res & Consultancy, D-83131 Nussdorf, Germany
3.Univ Belgrade, Fac Forestry, Belgrade 11030, Serbia
4.USDA, APHIS Plant Protect & Quarantine, 4700 River Rd, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA
5.Univ Greifswald, Inst Math & Comp Sci, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
6.Univ Greifswald, Ctr Funct Genom Microbes, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
7.Hasanuddin Univ, Dept Plant Pest & Dis, Fac Agr, Makassar 90245, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
8.HUN REN Ctr Agr Res, Plant Protect Inst, ELKH, H-1022 Budapest, Hungary
9.Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Apartado Panama, Panama City, Panama
10.ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Prevent & Appl Microbiol Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA
11.Univ Catania, Dept Agr Food & Environm, I-95123 Catania, Italy
12.Taiwan Forestry Res Inst, Forest Protect Div, Taipei, Taiwan
13.Vietnamese Acad Forest Sci, Forest Protect Res Ctr, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
14.Univ Algarve, MED Medmediterranean Inst Agr Environm & Dev, P-8005130 Faro, Portugal
15.Univ Algarve, CHANGE Global Change & Sustainabil Inst, P-8005130 Faro, Portugal
16.Asia Pacific Resources Int Ltd APRIL, Fiber Res & Dev, Pangkalan Kerinci 28300, Riau, Indonesia
17.Louisiana State Univ, Plant Diagnost Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Agr Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA
18.Univ Nacl Agr, Carretera Norte, Managua 11065, Nicaragua
19.Gifu Univ, River Basin Res Ctr, Gifu 5011193, Japan
20.SUNY Coll New Paltz, Dept Biol, New Paltz, NY 12561 USA
21.Virginia Tech, Hampton Rd Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Virginia Beach, VA 23455 USA
22.Univ Algarve, Ctr Marine Sci CCMAR, P-8005139 Faro, Portugal
23.Forestry & Forest Prod Res Inst FFPRI, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058687, Japan
24.Univ Mediterranea Reggio Calabria, Dept Agr, I-89124 Reggio Di Calabria, Italy
25.Ehime Univ, United Grad Sch Agr Sci, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908566, Japan
26.Bracell, Research & Dev, BR-48030300 Alagoinhas, BA, Brazil
27.Forest Res, Farnham GU10 4LH, Surrey, England
28.Univ Concepcion, Fac Ciencias Forestales, Lab Patol Forestal, Concepcion 4030000, Chile
29.Univ Sassari, Dept Agr Sci, Viale Italia 39A, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
30.Univ Banja Luka, Fac Forestry, Banja Luka 78000, Bosnia & Herceg
31.Croatian Agcy Agr & Food, Ctr Plant Protect, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
32.Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, Dept Bioregulat & Biointeract, Lab Mol & Cellular Biol, Fuchu, Tokyo 1838509, Japan
33.Chinese Acad Trop Agr Sci, Inst Trop Biosci & Biotechnol, Haikou 571101, Hainan, Peoples R China
34.Hainan Univ, Coll Environm & Plant Protect, Danzhou City 571737, Hainan, Peoples R China
关键词： allopatric speciation; Gondwana; Laurasia; lifestyle; new taxa; phylogeny; sympatric species radiation.
期刊名称：STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY （ 影响因子：16.5； 五年影响因子：17.0 ）
ISSN： 0166-0616
年卷期： 2024 年 107 期
页码：
收录情况： SCI
摘要： During 25 surveys of global Phytophthora diversity, conducted between 1998 and 2020, 43 new species were detected in natural ecosystems and, occasionally, in nurseries and outplantings in Europe, Southeast and East Asia and the Americas. Based on a multigene phylogeny of nine nuclear and four mitochondrial gene regions they were assigned to five of the six known subclades, 2a-c, e and f, of Phytophthora major Clade 2 and the new subclade 2g. The evolutionary history of the Clade appears to have involved the pre-Gondwanan divergence of three extant subclades, 2c, 2e and 2f, all having disjunct natural distributions on separate continents and comprising species with a soilborne and aquatic lifestyle and, in addition, a few partially aerial species in Clade 2c; and the post-Gondwanan evolution of subclades 2a and 2g in Southeast/East Asia and 2b in South America, respectively, from their common ancestor. Species in Clade 2g are soilborne whereas Clade 2b comprises both soil-inhabiting and aerial species. Clade 2a has evolved further towards an aerial lifestyle comprising only species which are predominantly or partially airborne. Based on high nuclear heterozygosity levels ca. 38 % of the taxa in Clades 2a and 2b could be some form of hybrid, and the hybridity may be favoured by an A1/A2 breeding system and an aerial life style. Circumstantial evidence suggests the now 93 described species and informally designated taxa in Clade 2 result from both allopatric non-adaptive and sympatric adaptive radiations. They represent most morphological and physiological characters, breeding systems, lifestyles and forms of host specialism found across the Phytophthora clades as a whole, demonstrating the strong biological cohesiveness of the genus. The finding of 43 previously unknown species from a single Phytophthora clade highlight a critical lack of information on the scale of the unknown pathogen threats to forests and natural ecosystems, underlining the risk of basing plant biosecurity protocols mainly on lists of named organisms. More surveys in natural ecosystems of yet unsurveyed regions in Africa, Asia, Central and South America are needed to unveil the full diversity of the clade and the factors driving diversity, speciation and adaptation in Phytophthora.
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