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Defining a species in fungal plant pathology: beyond the species level

文献类型： 外文期刊

作者： Manawasinghe, Ishara S. 1 ; Phillips, Alan J. L. 2 ; Xu, Jianping 3 ; Balasuriya, Abhaya 4 ; Hyde, Kevin D. 1 ; Ste 1 ;

作者机构： 1.Zhongkai Univ Agr & Engn, Innovat Inst Plant Hlth, Guangzhou 510225, Peoples R China

2.Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias Biosyst & Integrat Sci Inst BioISI, Campo Grande, MS, Portugal

3.McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada

4.Rajarata Univ Sri Lanka, Fac Agr, Dept Plant Sci, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka

5.Mae Fah Luang Univ, Ctr Excellence Fungal Res, Chiang Rai, Thailand

6.Polish Acad Sci, Inst Plant Genet, Poznan, Poland

7.Beijing Acad Agr & Forestry Sci, Inst Plant & Environm Protect, Beijing 100097, Peoples R China

8.Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand

9.Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Phys, George St, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia

关键词： Cryptic species; Forms; Fungal nomenclature; New pathogen; Species concepts; Subspecies; Races

期刊名称：FUNGAL DIVERSITY （ 影响因子：20.372； 五年影响因子：16.344 ）

ISSN： 1560-2745

年卷期： 2021 年 109 卷 1 期

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： In plant pathology, the correct naming of a species is essential for determining the causal agents of disease. Species names not only serve the general purpose of concise communication, but also are critical for effective plant quarantine, preventing the introduction of new pathogens into a territory. Many phytopathogenic genera have multiple species and, in several genera, disagreements between the multiple prevailing species concept definitions result in numerous cryptic species. Some of these species were previously called by various names; forma speciales (specialised forms), subspecies, or pathotypes. However, based on new molecular evidence they are being assigned into new species. The frequent name changes and lack of consistent criteria to delineate cryptic species, species, subspecies, forms, and races create increasing confusion, often making communication among biologists arduous. Furthermore, such ambiguous information can convey misleading evolutionary concepts and species boundaries. The aim of this paper is to review these concepts, clarify their use, and evaluate them by referring to existing examples. We specifically address the question, "Do plant pathogens require a different ranking system?" We conclude that it is necessary to identify phytopathogens to species level based on data from multiple approaches. Furthermore, this identification must go beyond species level to clearly classify hitherto known subspecies, forms and races. In addition, when naming phytopathogenic genera, plant pathologists should provide more information about geographic locations and host ranges as well as host specificities for individual species, cryptic species, forms or races. When describing a new phytopathogen, we suggest that authors provide at least three representative strains together with pathogenicity test results. If Koch's postulates cannot be fulfilled, it is necessary to provide complementary data such as associated disease severity on the host plant. Moreover, more sequenced collections of species causing diseases should be published in order to stabilise the boundaries of cryptic species, species, subspecies, forms, and races.

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