Comparative assessment of environmental impacts, mitigation potentials, and economic benefits of rain-fed and irrigated apple production systems on China's Loess Plateau

文献类型： 外文期刊

第一作者： Zhang, Zhenxing

作者： Zhang, Zhenxing;Zhao, Jiarui;Hou, Liyao;Zhai, Bingnian;Liu, Zhanjun;Xu, Xinpeng;Zhu, Yuanjun;Liu, Zhanjun

作者机构：

关键词： Life cycle assessment; Apple industry; Orchard management; Environmental pollution index; Economic bene fits

期刊名称：SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT （ 影响因子：9.8； 五年影响因子：9.6 ）

ISSN： 0048-9697

年卷期： 2023 年 869 卷

页码：

收录情况： SCI

摘要： Although the repaid development of China's apple industry heavily depends on excessive fertilizer-water-pesticide (FWP) inputs, little information is available that systematically evaluates environmental impacts, mitigation potential, and economical benefits of apple production systems in China. In this study, life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to elucidate environmental risks and mitigation potentials of rain-fed and irrigated apple production systems on China's Loess Plateau based on survey data from 847 farmers, and economic benefits were analyzed simultaneously. Results showed that irrigated orchards caused more severe environmental risks associated with energy depletion (ED), global warming potential (GWP) and acidification potential (AP) than those in rain-fed orchards, whereas an opposite was true for eutrophication potential (EP), human toxicity potential (HTP), aquatic toxicity potential (ATP) and soil toxicity potential (STP). ED and GWP occurred primarily in the agricultural material stage, while AP, EP, HTP, ATP, and STP occurred mostly in the orchard management stage. Optimized FWP management can markedly mitigate environmental impacts in both irrigated and rain-fed orchard systems. Synthetic fertilizer, because of production and field-associated emissions, was the greatest contributor to environmental impacts of an apple production system. An environmental pollution index (EPI) that integrated environmental categories was highest in conventional irrigated orchards (0.946), followed by conventional rainfed orchards (0.857), and optimized irrigated orchards (0.459), and the lowest EPI was in optimized rainfed orchards (0.389). Economic analysis revealed that the benefits of rainfed orchards were higher than those of irrigated orchards because of higher apple prices and lower labor costs. Optimized FWP management sharply decreased input costs, thereby substantially increasing net income in irrigated and rain-fed apple orchards. Overall, severe environmental risk and large mitigation potential co-exist in rain-fed and irrigated apple or-chards on China's Loess Plateau. Integrated soil-crop-market management potentially exhibited considerable environ-mental and economic advantages, thereby efficiently developing high-quality apple production.

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